ba THE FOREST LANDS OF NORTHERN RUSSIA. 
afterwards destroyed, and replaced by other works com- 
pleted in 1774. Guns continued, nevertheless, to be 
imported into Russia at great expense from the Carron 
works in Scotland, owing probably to the unsatisfactory 
state of the establishment on Lake Onega. In order to 
improve the latter, Catherine II. invited Charles Gascoigne, 
the manager of the Carron works, to come over and 
rebuild the Gun Foundry, which he did in 1794, when the 
town that had sprung up around it took the name of 
Petrozavodsk. Gascoigne was accompanied by two Eng- 
lish artisans, who subsequently rose to great eminence in 
the service of Russia. Guns for the navy are to this day 
cast at Petrozavodsk. 
The Government is divided into seven districts, and the 
town of Olonetz, on the river Olonza, is the capital of the 
district bearing that name, while Petrozavodsk is the 
capital of the Government. Olonetz is a town of nearly 3000 
inhabitants, on the Olonka, at the junction of the Meg- 
vega, about 15 miles from the east coast of Lake Ladoga, 
182 miles north-east from St. Petersburg, and 72 miles 
south-west of Petrozavodsk. It has large building docks, 
established by Peter the Great, and numerous saw-mills, 
The soil, where not covered with forests, is in some parts 
stony, and in others marshy, and generally little capable 
of culture. Between Lakes Onega and Ladoga are quar- 
ries of marble and porphory, and in some of the mountains 
are mines of iron and copper. In the Museum at Petro- 
zavodsk are beautiful collections of the marbles found in 
the Government, and models of different places of interest 
in the Government, and relics of the Imperial founder. 
Petrozavodsk covers a good deal of ground, surmounted 
by two cathedrals, in both of which officiates the Arch- 
bishop of the diocese. Near to these is the residence of 
the Governor, and the Cazerne or Barracks. The town is 
traversed by a small river, the Lossalenka. The number 
of inhabitants is about 7000. 
Lake Cnega, upon which it has been built, is only one of 
several lakes in the Government of Olonetz, 
