PART II. 
0. 
FOREST EXPLOITATION. 
CHAPTER I. 
SARTAGE, 
In Sartage portions of the forest are burned down, and on 
the soil manured with the ashes different crops are culti- 
vated for a few years, until its fertility being exhausted, it 
is abandoned, and another place is similarly treated. 
In the narrative given by Mr Judrae of his journey 
through the forests of Olonetz anc Archangel, mention is 
made of the practice of Sartage or Rhoeden, and Svedjande, 
as it is called in Finland—the last being a Swedish term 
introduced in connection with the domination of Sweden 
in Finland, previous to its being annexed to the Russian 
Empire. Mr Judrae, in the few sentences in which he 
has ‘spoken of it, has said all, or almost all, that can be 
learned in regard to it from what is practised here. The 
literature of forest science in France supplies ample details 
in regard to it; and in reports of forest operations in India 
we are supplied with details in regard to the results and 
consequences of such a treatment of forests. 
In a companion volume I have given details of the 
practice as followed in Finland, from which country, if not 
by the Finnish Karells inhabiting a large portion of the 
Government of Olonetz, it may have been introduced into 
this region. I consider it to be a practice of Asiatic origin, 
