100. THE FOREST LANDS OF NORTHERN RUSSIA, 
is called for, and this may be modified according as it may 
be sought to secure along with this a supply of wood for 
use or for sale. 
It must be apparent that none of these advantages are 
secured by Jardinage. But on the other hand, there may 
be found, in climatic changes and extended facilities for 
agricultural operations, for which such climatic changes 
would be favourable, compensation for the destruction of 
forests, resulting from this destructive mode of exploitation. 
With regard to climatic effects, it may be stated that 
while some countries have suffered in climate, as have 
Spain and South Africa, from paucity of woods, and an 
unequal distribution of what there are, there are countries 
which suffer in climate from a superabundance of these, as 
do Finland and the North of Russia. The humidity and 
shade desiderated in the former, are in the latter in excess. 
Though Russia is said to have a large portion of her area, 
forest lands, these are found chiefly in the Northern Zone. 
Observations collected by the Agricultural Department of 
the United States of America tend to show that to secure 
the greatest climatic benefit from forests, the forests and 
the arable land should bear a definite proportion to each 
other, varying with conditions, not only over extensive 
areas, but over limited divisions of the country; and 
students of Forest Science in Russia can contemplate. with 
calmness the possible disappearance of forests over exten- 
sive areas of the Governments of Archangel and Olonetz, . 
provided adequate measures be adopted for the conserva- 
tion of forests in the midland Governments of the Empire, 
and for the extension of these by sylviculture in the south. 
In the North of Russia Jardinage may lead as certainly 
to the destruction of forests as Sartage, or the burning 
down of the trees with a view to rearing cereals for two or 
for three years on the ground fertilised with their ashes; 
but this, which in some circumstances would entail a curse, 
may there bring a blessing; and meanwhile attention is 
given to considering only how the mode of exploitation 
followed may be carried on as advantageously as possible, 
