CHAPTER III. 
VIEWS ENTERTAINED IN RUSSIA IN REGARD TO 
DIFFERENT METHODS OF EXPLOITATION. 
ACCORDING to a statement made by Mr Werekha, in a 
Notice sur les Forets et leur Produits, &c., prepared by a 
Special Commission charged with the collection of pro- 
ducts of the forests and of rural industry for the Interna- 
tional Exhibition at Vienna -in 1873, ‘in Russia the 
systematic felling of forests was formerly dependent on 
license or authority, and it is generally so even now. The 
clearitg of forests by systematic fellings by sections goes 
no further back than to the time of Peter the First, and it 
is not yet sufficiently practised. 
‘The ancient Jardinage exists still in the greater number * 
of forests; but this manner of arbitrary exploitation does 
not now satisfy the sale and requirements in many places, 
for some kinds of trees as necessarily predominate in the 
forests of the north and the north-east of Russia; and it 
gives way in the central and southern part of the Empire 
In proportion to the development of the demand over the 
whole extent of the forests to exploitation according to 
the system of management by regulated fellings. 
‘The abundance of forests in the north of Russia, and the 
little demand which there exists, are the cause why until 
now many of the forests situated in the northern countries 
cannot be exploited otherwise than by Jardinage to meet 
the limited requirements of commerce and local need. 
‘It was only in the latter half of the last century that 
‘they began to make special. plans or charts of the forests 
aud to prescribe the extent of felling which was to take 
‘place. According to these old plans, this was carried out 
