102 THE FOREST LANDS OF NORTHERN RUSSIA. 
by dividing the great extent of forests, even of timber 
forests, into narrow parallel zones across all the forest 
masses, and in number eqnal to the number of years of the 
revolution prescribed for exploitation. 
‘The physical inconveniences and the utter inequality of 
the produce of these fellings, according to @ tire et aire, 
were the cause why these plans were carried out almost 
nowhere, and that the forest continued to be exploited 
arbitrarily by Jardinage. The scientific system of exploita- 
tion was not introduced into Russia and put in practice till 
1841, At the present time over the whole of the Govern- 
ment forests there are 11,872,500 hectares subjected toa 
regulated exploitation, principally in the provinces of the 
south, of the centre, and of the south-west of Russia, where 
the forests have acquired a great importance, because their 
extent and their produce scarcely suffice to meet the local 
wants of the population. And the forests belonging to the 
mines and manufactories are all exploited according to a 
definite plan of management, and this is why one may. 
reckon that in all these forests, which cover a space of 
5,891,638 hectares, the fellings are in legalised proportion 
with the annual increase of the trees. 
‘On the forests belonging to the appanages there are 
3,728,346 hectares which have been subjected to a regu- 
lated exploitation. In what relates to forests belonging to 
private proprietors there exists no organ which combines 
the technical data and statistics, and which contributes to 
establish a useful principle and practice. Yet of late the 
proprietors of forests, and especially the great proprietors, 
are earnestly desirous to submit their forests to a regular 
exploitation, and in acknowledgment of the advantage of 
it, have taken to administer their forests special officials 
who have previously received technical instruction on 
forest administration. It is even possible to cite some 
proprietors whose forests are managed rigorously, con- 
formably to the rules of science, amongst others Prince 
Paskévitch, proprietor of many extensive forests in the 
Governments of Mohileff and of Riazan; Count Ouvaroff, 
