CHAPTER V. 
EXPORTS BY ARCHANGEL AND THE WHITE SEA. 
WHILE the timber cut in these regions, and in others adja- 
cent to them, finds its way to St. Petersburg, and of this some 
is exported thence, most is exported direct from the ports 
in the White Sea. One of the most important export ports 
is Archangel, situated on the Dwina, and the gulf known 
as the Gulf of Archangel, but named by the Russians from 
the river, the Dvines Kaia Gulf. Of this great outlet for 
forest produee Hepworth Dixon supplies, in his account of 
his approach to Russia, and entrance by that northern 
haven, the following account :-— — 
‘At Cape Tutsi we pass from the narrow straits dividing 
the Lapp country from the Samoyed country into this 
northern gulf. About twice the size of Lake Superior in 
the United States, this Frozen Sea has something of the 
shape of Como; one narrow northern bay, extending to 
the town of Kandalax, in Russian Lapland, with two 
southern bays, divided from each other by a broad, sandy 
‘peninsula, the home of a few villagers employed in snaring 
cod and hunting seal. These southern bays are known, 
from the rivers which fall into them, as Onega Bay and 
Dvina Bay. At the mouths of these rivers stand the two 
trading ports of Onega and Archangel. 
‘The open part of this inland gulf is deep—from 60 to 
80 fathoms; and in one place of the entrance into Kan- 
dalax Bay the line goes down to no less than 160 fathoms. 
Yet the shore is neither steep nor high. The Gulf of 
Onega is rich in rocks and islets, many of them only banks 
of sand and mud, washed out into the sea from the uplands 
of Kargopol; but in the wild entrance of Onega Bay, 
