EXPORTS BY ARCHANGEL AND THE WHITE SEA. 131 
Rusanova, with its capabilities, will develop the resources 
of this district. 
‘Mr Rusanoff has two tug steamers and a number of 
barges: the steam saw-mills are capable of cutting sixty 
thousand trees, representing a quarter of a million of 
planks, in a year. In addition to the church Mr Rusanoff 
erected a schoolroom, an important store for provisions and 
other necessaries, large house accommodation, and then 
commenced his business. The trees, hewn in the primeval 
forests around, are lashed into rafts of perhaps two hundred. 
each, and floated down to the mouths of the rivers, where 
the steamers go to take them in tow. Arrived at Rusanova, 
they pass through the saw-mills, and are ready for ship- 
ment abroad. Once commenced the operatioas soon began 
to grow. In the first year several ships came for timber; 
last year sixteen came; this year, the third, twenty-two 
large ships and nine smaller vessels are to come; next 
veer Mr Rusanoff’s business engagements will require fifty 
ships. 
‘Three years ago the value of labour here was fifteen 
kopecks, or fivepence a day; now it is worth a rouble, or 
two shillings and ninepence a day. The port is an excel- 
lent one. At low tide there are nineteen feet of water in 
the channel abreast of the quay, at high water from thirty- 
eight to forty-four feet, according to the height of the tide. 
There is no bar, and beyond Masslynnoi Nés, the pilot 
station and beacon seven miles away, is the deep sea. Mr 
Rusanoff means to construct this winter a tall lighthouse 
and life-boat station upon Masslynnoi Point, to replace the 
beacon, and perfect the means of access to the port. The 
approach of ships is signalled from the beacon, and the 
steamers are always available for towing ships at a mode- 
rate cost. The daylight during the open navigation is 
practically constant, and the saw-mills and steamers work 
night and day. The harbour was open last year consider- 
ably earlier than Archangel, ships coming here when the 
other port was closed. The difficult and often tedious 
voyage down the White Sea, and the miserable approaches 
