FOREST INDUSTRIES. 141 
landed proprietors, in the northern parts of the Russian 
empire. Consequently, an immense quantity of turpentine 
must be procured in this way during the course of the 
year, both for public and private consumption. It pro- 
duces a great advantage also in affording in-door work for 
the boor during the severity of a long and dismal winter.’ 
SEcTION C.—HovuseE BUILDING AND CARPENTRY. 
Throughout the district, as is generally the case—I had 
almost said throughout the whole of Russia—the houses 
are built of logs laid one upon another, and caulked with 
moss, those of adjacent sides crossing each other a little 
way from the corner; and wood is the only fuel used. I 
have visited at houses elegantly furnished, which must 
have been done at great expense, and where the dress, 
accomplishments, rank, and bearing of the inmates and 
their visitors were such as one might expect to meet with 
only in the more fashionable resorts of Central Europe, 
but where the houses were only such as I have referred to 
—elegant and somewhat imposing in their external aspect, 
for which the mode of structure offers facilities ; but inter- 
nally even the public rooms had walls and partitions of 
slightly hewn logs, without covering of paint, tapestry, or 
aper. 
In these the furniture was made to some extent of 
imported woods—rosewood and mahogany—but largely of 
the forest produce of the locality. 
In Vologda, and in all the forest lands of the north- 
eastern districts, all the world is plotnik—a carpenter, and 
these carpenters, who work in wood in every possible 
fashion, manufacture the most delicate articles as well as 
the rudest, with their hatchets alone, and hardly ever 
using their saws. Their ability and cunning workman- 
ship, remarks Wahl, are qualities not to be met with in 
any foreign country, and must excite the admiration of 
all beholders. 
