CONTOUR AND GENERAL APPEARANCE. 145 
There are several lakes in the Government of Onega, 
Amongst others the Imandra, in the district of Kola, 
which is 60 miles in length from south to north, and about 
15 miles in breadth, and it discharges its waters into the 
White Sea,—the Taposero, the Angosero, and the Koutno. 
The principal rivers are the Onega, the Dwina and its 
affluents, the Petchora, and the Mezen. The Dwina is 
formed by the junction of the Sukhona and Joug, navi- 
gable rivers coming, the former from the Scandinavian 
Alps, and the latter from the Ural Mountains. The con- 
fluence occurs a little below Veliki-Oustioug, in the Govern- 
ment of Vologda, They are subsequently joined by the 
Solvytchegodsk, on which is situated a town of the same 
name. And the united waters, in crossing the Government 
of Archangel, pass Kohimogori and Archangel, and flow by 
several mouths into the gulf of the White Sea, which bears 
the name of this town. The total course of this river, one of 
the largest in Russia, is 420 miles, and its greatest breadth 
is five miles. Its depth is considerable, but its navigation 
is impeded: by beds of mud which bar its embouchures, and 
by the number of islands with which, throughout the 
greater extent of its course, its channel is obstructed. The 
tides extend to a distance of 30 miles above Archangel. 
The Dwina was for a long time the only outlet for the 
productions of European Russia. The country through 
which it passes is low and level, and is to a great extent 
laid under water by its inundations in the spring. Of the 
numerous affluents the principal on the right bank are: 
the Vytchegda, the Ourtiouga, the two Toima, the Vaengha, 
Pinghicha, Poukchenga, Pinega, and Lodma; and on the 
left the Oustioumej, the Kodima, Vaga, Emtsa, and Laia, 
The Vytchegda issues from a marsh in the district of 
Oust-Sisolsk, in the east part of the Government of 
Vologda, and after a total course of 450 miles, flows into 
the Dwina a little below Solvytchegodsk. Its principal 
affluents are the Yulva and Yarenga on the right bank, 
and the Sisola on the left. It is at all times navigable. 
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