246 FOREST LANDS OF NORTHERN RUSSIA. 
suffice to make this intelligible to any one who has himself 
visited the locality. 
‘In the west we find the land for the most part cut up 
by long lakes, and the ground is chiefly rocky; in the east 
we find fewer lakes, the land is more alluvial, and there 
are fewer rivers. As a consequence we find the popula- 
tion manifesting some difference in character. In the 
west there is little of agriculture, but more of hunting, 
fishing, felling of trees, and floating of timber ; and the 
people go out as carpenters, builders, glaziers, and stone 
hewers. The eastern coast of the lake is mostly devoted 
to agriculture, in the Fudoschen circle it is especially that 
of flax ; in the circle of Kargopolsk it is that of rye and 
other grain. The eastern part raises so much corn, that, 
excepting in the Wytegorsk circle, there is corn to be sold ; 
but in the western part almost half of what is consumed is 
purchased. 
‘In like manner, if we look to the flora, we see also a 
few differences ; we find, as might have been expected, 
plants common in the west, which are rare in the east; 
and also the reverse, plants common in the east which are 
rare in the west. In the east we find as characteristic of 
the flora, Laria Siberica, Atragena alpina, Delphinum elatum, 
Silene tartarica, Pyrethrum cormybosum, Crepis stbirica, which 
are all awanting in the west; while in the east there 
naturally are missed all the plants which grow upon rocks 
in the west. 
‘My list of plants was necessarily defective, as I 
followed only a special object in preparing for it, and my 
undertaking was limited to the environs of Lake Onega 
and to the outlying places around. 
‘My list of Lepidoptera is not yet complete, but I may 
mention here a few of the more injurious of these. Of 
Lepidoptera which have been very hurtful to agricultural 
produce since 1870, may be mentioned Agrotis exclama- 
tionis and segitum, and, in passing, Hydroceia nictitans, Hadena 
oculea and H. basitinea. These insects do enormous injury ; 
and more especially does the Characas graminis do great 
