METHODS FOR INVERTEBUATRS. 453 



narcotises by adding alcohol and glycerin for eighteen to 

 twenty-four hours, puts for half an hour into formol of 5 per 

 cent., and injects from a branchial vessel. 



MozEJKO {Zeif. wisK. Mile, xxvi, 1909, p. 353, and 1910, 

 p. 542) puts for half an hour into water at 40° to 50° C, 

 removes the shell, and injects carmine by auto-injection 

 through the heart. For occluding vessels he takes cotton- 

 wool soaked with gelatin and plaster-of-Paris. He takes for 

 a vaso-dilator a saturated solution of -peptomim siccum. 



863. Maceration Methods for Epithelium. — Engelmann 

 [Pfliiger's Arch., xxiii, 1880, p. 505) macerates the intestine 

 of Gyclas in osmic acid of 0'2 per cent, (after having warmed 

 the animal for a short time to 45° to 50° C), or in concentrated 

 boracic acid solution. 



Cilia. — The entii-e intra-cellular fibre apparatus may be 

 isolated by teasing fresh epithelium from the intestine of a 

 Lamellibranch (e. g. Anodonta) in either bichromate of potash 

 of 4 per cent, or salt solution of 10 per cent. To get good 

 views of the apparatus in situ in the body of the cell, macerate 

 for not more than an hour in concentrated solution of boracic 

 or salicylic acid. Very dilute osmic acid (e. g. 0"1 per cent.) 

 gives also good results. The "lateral cells" of the gills are 

 best treated with strong boracic acid solution (five parts cold 

 saturated aqueous solution to one part watei'). 



Bela ITallee's Mixture, see § 540 j Brock's Medium, § 531; 

 MoBius's Media, § 535 ; the second of these is much recom- 

 mended by Deost (Morphol. Jahrb., xii, 1866, p. 163) for 

 Cardivm and My a. 



Patten (Mitth. Zool. Stat. Neapel, vi, 1886, p. 736) takes 

 sulphuric acid, 40 drops to 50 grm. of water. Entire molluscs, 

 without the shell, may be kept in it for months. 



Beenakd [Ann. Sci. Nat., ix, 1890, p. 191) macerates the 

 mantle of Prosobranchs in a mixture of one part each of 

 glycerin and acetic acid, two parts each of 90 per cent, 

 alcohol and O'l per cent, chromic acid and forty parts water, 

 which acts in from a quarter of an hour to three hours. 

 He also (pp. 102, 306) uses a weak solution of chloride of 

 ruthenium, especially for nerve-tracts, mucus-cells and cilia. 

 Alcohol material may bo macerated in a mixture of one part 

 glj'cerin, two of acetic acid and forty of water. 



