ANALYSIS OF THE LESSORS. Vll 



LESSON VIII. Morphology of Leaves as Foliage. ... p. 54. 



130. Foliage the natural state of leaves. 131. Leaves a contrivance for in- 

 creasing surface: the vast surface of a tree in leaf. 132, 133. The parts of a 

 leaf. 134. The blade. 135. Its pulp or soft part and its framework. 136. 

 The latter is wood, and forms the ribs or veins and veinlets. 137. Division and 

 use of these. 138. Venation, or mode of veining. 139. Its two kinds. 140. 

 Netted-veined or reticulated. 141. Parallel-veined or nerved. 142. The so- 

 called veins and nerves essentially the same thing; the latter not like the 

 nerves of animals. 143. How the sort of veining of leaves answers to the num- 

 ber of cotyledons and the kind of plant. 144. Two kinds of parallel-veined leaves. 

 145, 146. Two kinds of netted-veined leaves. 147. Relation of the veining to' 

 the shape of the leaf. 148 - 151. Forms of leaves illustrated, as to general out- 

 line. 152. As to the base. 153. As to the apex. 



LESSON JX- Morphology of Leaves as Foliage ; continued, p. 61. 



154, 155. Leaves cither simple or compound. 156-162. Simple leaves il- 

 lustrated as to particular outline, or kind and degree of division. 163. Com- 

 pound leaves. 164. Leaflets. 165. Kinds of compound leaves. 166, 167. 

 The pinnate, and, 168. the palmate or digitate. 169. As to number of leaflets, 

 &c. 170. Leaflets, as to lobing, &c. 171, 172. Doubly or trebly compound 

 leaves of both sorts. 173. Peculiar fonns of leaves explained, such as : 174. 

 Perfoliate: 175. Equitant: 176. Those without blade. 177. Phyllodia, or 

 flattened petioles. 178. Stipules. 179. Sheaths of Grasses ; Ligule. 



LESSON X. The Akrangement of Leaves. . p. 71. 



181. Phyllotaxy, or arrangement of leaves on the stem : general sorts of ar- 

 rangement. 182. Leaves arise only one from the same place. 183. Clustered 

 or fascicled leaves explained. 184. Spiral aiTangement of alternate leaves. 185. 

 The two-ranked arrangement. 186. The three-ranked arrangement. 187. The 

 five-ranked an-angemont. 188. The fractions by which these are expressed. 

 189. The eight-ranked and the thirteen-rankcd arrangements. 190. The series 

 of these fractions, and tlieir relations. " 191. Opposite and whorled leaves. 

 192. Symmetry of leaves, &c. fixed by mathematical rule. 193. Vernation, or 

 arrangement of leaves in the bud. 194. The principal modes. 



LESSON XL The Arra>-gement of Flowers on the Stem, 



OR iNFLORESCEIfCE p. 76. 



195. Passage from the Organs of Vegetation to those of Fractification or Re- 

 production. 196. Inflorescence : the ari'angement of flowers depends on that 

 of the leaves. 197. They are from either terminal or axillary buds. 198. In- 

 determinate Infloreseonco. 199. Its sorts of flower-clusters. 200. Flower- 

 stalks, viz. peduncles and pedicels, bract? and bractlets, &c. 201. Raceme. 

 202. Its gradation into (203) a Coiymb, and that (204) into (205) an Umbel. 

 206. Centripetal order of development 207. The Spike. 208. The Head. 



