LESSON 21.] THE EMBRYO. 13f 



375. The embryo, beil^g a rudimentary plantlet, ready formed in 

 the seed, has only to grow and develop its parts to become a young 

 plant (15). Even in the seed these parts are generally distinguish- 

 able, and are sometimes very conspicuous ; as in a Pumpkin-seed, for 

 example (Fig. 323, 321). They are, first, 



376. The Radicle, or rudimentary stemlet, which is sometimes long 

 and slender, and sometimes very short, as we may see in the numer- 

 ous figures already referred to. In the seed it always 

 points to the micropyle (371), or what answers to the 

 foramen of the ovule (Fig. 325, 326). As to its po- 

 sition in the fruit, it is said to be inferior when it points 

 to the base of the. pericarp, superior when it points to 

 its summit, &c. The base or free end of the radicle 

 gives rise to the root ; the ofher extremity bears 



377. The Cotyledons or Seed-Leaves. With these in various forms we 



have already become familiar. The number of 

 cotyledons has also been explained to be impor- 

 tant (32, 33). In Corn (Fig. 40), and in all 

 Grasses, Lilies, and the like, we have a 



Mofimmri/ledoiious embryo, namely, one fur- 

 nished with only a single cotyledon or seed-leaf. — Nearly all the 

 rest of our illustrations exhibit various forms of the 



Di'coA/ted6nous embryo ; namely, with a pair of cotyledons or seed- 

 leaves, always opposite each other. In the Pine family we find a 



Pol^6ot^ledonous embryo (Fig. 45, 46) ; that is, one with several. 

 or more than two, seed-leaves, arranged in a circle or whorl. 



378. The Plnmule is the little bud, or rudiment of the next leaf or 

 pair of leaves after the seed-leaves. It appears at the summit of 

 the radicle, bet^yeen the cotyledons when there is a pair of them, 

 as in Fig. 324, 14, 24,. &c.; or the cotyledon when only one is 

 wrapped round it, as in Indian Corn, Fig. 40. In germination the 

 plumule develops upward, to form the ascending trunk or stem of 

 the plant, while the other end of the radicle grows downward, 

 and becomes the root. 



FIG. 323. Embryo of the Pumpkin, Been flatwise. 334. Same cut through ^nd viewed 

 edgewise, enlarged ; the small plumule seen between the cotyledons at their base. ' 



FIG. 325. Seed of a Violet (Fig. 319) cut through, showing th6' embryo in the section, 

 edgewise ; being an anatropoun seed, the radicle of the straight embryo points down to tho 

 base near the hilum. 



FIG. 326. Similar section of the orcActrapnuj seed of Buckwheat Here the radicle points 

 directly away from tho hilum, and to the apex of the seed; also the thin pptylodons happen 

 in this plant to be bent rc^i^nd into the same diredtion- '" '*" '"'• • 



12* 



