BAEBEiRRT FAMILY.- 45 



4. CAULOPHYLLUM. Stamens 6. Petals 6 broad and thiokish bodies much 



shorter than the sepals. Ovary bursting or disappearing early, leaving the 



two ovules to develop into naked berry-like, or rather drupe-like, spherical 



seeds on thick stalks.' 



.*- +- With simply 2 - 9-parled leavts, and solitary whiie fiowei's : sepals falling when 



the Uossvm opens. Seeds numerous^ parietal. Pistils rarely more than one I 



6. JEFFEKSO^NIA. Flower on a scape, rather preceding the 2-parted root-leaves. 

 Petals (oblong) and stamens mostly 8. Fruit an ovate pod, opening by a 

 cross-line half-way round, the top forming a conical lid. Seeds with an 

 aril on one side. 



6. PODOPHYLLUM.- Flower in the fork between the two peltate 5 - 9-parted 

 leaves : root-leaf single and peltate in the middle, umbrella-like. Petals 

 6-9, large and broad. Stamens usually 12 - 18. Fruit an oval, large and 

 sweet, eatable berry ; the seeds imbedded in the pulp of the large parietal 

 placenta. 



1. BERBERIS, BAEBEERY. (Old Arabic name.) The two sorts or 

 sections have sometimes been regarded as distinct genera. .-.^ 



§1. True Barberry; withsimpleleaves,clusteredintkeaxilofcompoundspines. 



B. VUlg&xis,. Common B. of Eu. Planted, and run wild in thickets aud 

 by roadsides ; has drooping many-ftowered racemes, and oblong red aind sour 

 berries ; leaves obovate-oblong, fringed with clo5ely-set bristly teeth, with a joint 

 in the veiy short petiole (like that in an orange-leaf), clustered in the axils of 

 triple or m jltiple spines, which answer to leaves of the shoot of the previous 

 season (see Lessons, p. 51, fig. 78). 



B. Canadensis, Wild B. In the Alleghanies from Virginia S., and rarely 

 cult., a low bush, with few-flowered racemes, oval red berries, and less bristly 

 or toothed leaves. 



§ 2. Mahonia ; ivith pinnate and evergreen leaves, spiny-tootKed leaflets, and 

 clustered racemes of early spring flowers : berries blue or black with a 

 bloom. Planted fl}r ornament. 



B. Aquif^lium, HoLt^r B. or Mahonia, from Oregon, &c., rises to 

 3° - 4° high ; leaflets 5-9, shining, finely reticulated. 



B. ripens. Creeping or Low M., from Rocky Mountains, is more hardy, 

 rises only 1° or less, and has rounder, usually fewer, pale or glaucous leaflets. 



B. nervdsa, also called glumAcea, from the husk-like long and pointed 

 bud-scales at the end of the stems, which rise only a few inches above the ground ; 

 leaflets 11-21, along thestrongly-jointed stalk, lance-qvate, several-ribbed from 

 the base. Also from Oregon. 



B. Jap6nica, Japan M., tall, rising fully 6° high, the rigid leaflets with 

 only 3 or 4 strong spiny teeth on each side, is coming into ornamental grounds. 



2. IfANDINA. (The native Japanese name.) A single species, viz. 



N. doni6stica. Cult, in cool greenhouse, &c., from Japan : very com- 

 pound large leaves : the berries more ornamental than the blossoms. 



3. EPIMEDIUM, BARREN-WORT. (Old Greek name, of uncertain 

 meaning,) Low herbs, with neat foliage : cult, for ornament. 



E. Alplnum, of European Alps, has a panicle of odd-looking small flowers ; 

 thpyellow petals not larger than the reddish sepals. 



E. macrAnthum, Lakge-floweked E. of Japan, with similar.foliage, 

 has large white flowers Avith very long-spurred petals. 



4. CAULOPHYLLUM, COHOSH. The only species of the genus is 



C. tbalictroldes, Blue Cohosh. Wild in woods, with usually only one 

 stem-leaf and that close to the top of the naked stem (whence the name of the 

 genus, meaning stem-leaf), and thrice tern ate, but, having no common petiole, it 

 looks like three leaves ; and there is a larger and more compound radical leaf, 

 with a long petiole. The leaves are glaucous and resemble those of Thaliarum 

 (as the specific name indicates), but the leaflets are larger. Seeds very hard, 

 with a thin blue pulp. 



