DOGWOOD FAMILY. 107 



leaf of 5 ovate or oval serrate leaflets on each of the 3 divisions of the petiole, 

 and a short peduncle with 2 — 7 umbels. 



§ 2. Ginseng. Sterile and fertile flowms on separate simple-stemmed plants, in 

 a stnr/le slender-slalked umbel, below it a single whorl of digitate leaves : 

 styles and cells of the fruit 2 or 3. 



A. q.uinquef61ia, Ginseng. Rich woods N.: root spindle-shaped, warm- 

 aromatic, 4' -9' long; stem 1° high; leaflets 5 at the end of each of the 3 

 petioles, slender-stalked, thin, obovate-oblong, pointed, senate'; fl. in summer; 

 fruit red. 



A. trifdlia, Dwarf G. or Ground-nut. Low woods, N. : 4' - 8' high 

 from a deep globular pungent-tasted root ; leaflets 3 or sometimes 5 sessile on 

 the end of each of the 3 petioles, ntyrow-oblong and obtuse : fl. in spring ; fruit 

 orange-yellow. 



2. HEDERA, IVY. (The ancient Latin name.) Fl. late summer. 



H. Hfelix, True or English Ivy, from Europe. Woody climber, with 

 evergreen glossy rounded heart-shaped or kidney-shaped and 3-lo"bed or 3-angled 

 leaves, or in some varieties more deeply 3 - 7-cleft, yellowish-green flowers, and 

 l)lackish berries ; covers shaded walls, &c., adhering by its rootlets, but scarcely 

 stands far N. without some protection. 



56. CORNACEiE, DOGWOOD FAMILY. 



Shrubs, trees, or one or two mere herbs, with simple leaves, small 

 flowers, c^lyx-tube in the perfect oi- pistillate ones coherent with the 

 surface of the 1 - 2-celled ovary, which is crowned with the small 

 calyx-teeth or minute cup, bearing the petals (valvate in the bud) 

 and stamens of the same number : style and stigma single : ovule 

 and seed solitary in the cells, hanging from the summit: fruit a 

 small drupe or berry. 



Garrta elliptica, a singular Californian shrub, with thick op- 

 posite leaves, and dioecious greenish flowers in hanging catkin-like 

 spikes, is rarely cultivated or planted. 



1. CORNUS. Flowers perfect, in cymes, close clusters, or heads (with or with- 



out a corolla-like involucre). Minute teeth of the calyx, petals, and sta- 

 mens 4. Style slender: stigma terminal. Berry-like little dnipe with a 

 2-celled 2-seeded stone. Leaves entire, opposite except in one species, 

 deciduous. Bark very bitter, tonic. 



2. AUCUBA. Flowersdioecious, dull purple, in axillary panicles. Teeth or lobes 



of the calyx and petals 4. Stamens in the sterile" flowers 4, with short fila • 

 ments and oblong anthers. Fertile flowers with a 1-celled ovary, becoming 

 an oblong red berry in fruit : style .short: stigma capitate. Leaves opposite, 

 coriaceous and glossy, evergreen, smooth, more or less toothed. 

 S. NYSSA. Flowers polygamous or dioecious, greenish, crowded or clustered on 

 the summit of an axillary peduncle, the sterile ones numerous, the fertile 

 2-8 in a bracted cluster, or rarely solitary. Calyx of S or more lobes 

 or teeth. Petals small and narrow, or minute, or none. Style slender or 

 awl-shaped, bearing a stigma down the whole length of one side, revolute. 

 Ovary and stone of the drupe 1-oelled and 1-seeded. Trees, with deciduous 

 alternate leaves, often crowded on the end of the branohlets, either entire, 

 angled, or few-toothed. 



1. CORNUS, CORNEL or DOGWOOD. (Name from comii, horn, from 

 the hardness of the wood. ) Fl. late spring and early summer. 



§ 1. Flowers greenish, crowded in a head or close cluster, iohich is surrounded by 

 a showy corolla-like (white or rardy pinkish) i-leaved involucre: fruU 

 bright red. 



C. Canadensis, Dwarp Cornel, Bunch-berry. Damp woods N. : 

 a low herb, the stems springing from creeping slender subterranean shoots 



