HEATH FAMILY. 211 



Epacrises and the like differ from Heaths in their stamens (often 

 inserted on the tube of the corolla) having one-celled anthers. The 

 Heath Family comprises the following subordinate families : — 



I. WHORTLEBERRY FAMILY, known by having the tube 

 of the calyx adherent to the ovary, on which the monopelalous 

 corolla and the stamens are therefore mounted. All are shrubs, 

 with scaly buds. Fruit a berry or berry-like. 



1. GAYLUSS ACI A. Stamens 10 : anthers with the cells opening by a chink at 

 theblunt or tapering top. Ovaiy lO-celled with one ovule in each cell, form- 

 ing a berry-like fruit containing 10 apparent seeds, or properly little stones, x. 

 Flowers in lateral racemes; brauchlets and leaves beset with resinous or 

 clammy dots or atoms. 



2.' VACCINIUM. Stamens 10 or 8 : anthers tapering up into a tube with a hole 

 at the top. Ovary with several or many ovules in each cell, forming a pulpy 

 many-seeded (rarely rather few-seeded) berry. 



3. CHIOGENES. Stamens 8: anthers with short cells minutely 2-pointed, and 

 opening by a large cbink down to the middle. Ovary 4-cellea, in fruit a white 

 many-seeded berry. 



II. HEATH FAMILY proper ; shrubs or small trees with 

 calyx free from the ovary. 



§ 1. Heaths: the corolla persisting dry and scarious long after the flowers open, 

 enclosing the pod; the evergreen leaves needle-shaped or minute. Lobes of 

 calyx and corolla 4 : stamens 8. No scaly leaf-buds. 



i, EEICA. Corolla of various shapes, 4-toothed or 4-oIeft, longer than the osilyx. 



Pod loculicidal. Leaves needle-shaped or linear with margins reirolute. 

 6. CALLUNA. Corolla bell-shaped, 4-parted, much shorter and less ooijapicuous 



than the 4 colored and scarious-persistent sepals ; below these 2 or 3 paii's of 



bracts, the inner ones scale-like. Pod septicidal. Leaves very short and 



small, opposite, crowded, and imbricated. 



^ 2. Corolla deciduous (not remaining dry after flowering). 

 » Monopetulous [or in No. 16 with twd of the petals nearly separate). 

 •*- Fruit berry-like, containing 5-10 seeds or very, small stones : calyx dry underneath. 

 6. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS. Corolla urn-shaped, 5-toothed, enclosing the 10 sta- 

 mens ; their anthers opening at the top, and 2-Uwned on the back. Leaves 

 alternate. 



^- M- Fi'uit a dry and many-seeded pod, 



■H- But enclosed in the calyx which becomes thick and fleshy, so thai the fruit imitates 

 a berry, bul has a dry pod inside. 

 1. GAULTHEEIA. Corolla oblong or short-cylindrical, 6-toothed. Anthers 10, 

 4-awned or 4-pointed at top, opening oij'y there. Leaves alternate, broaij, 

 often spicy-aromatic, evergreen. 



■^ ++ Cnlya dry and separate from the pod. 

 a. Corolla salver-shaped, 6-lobed ; anthers opening lengthwise, not appendaged. 

 8. EPIGiEA. Sepals B, thin and soaleJike, ovaterlaneeolate, style slender. Leaves 

 evergreen, reticulated, roundish. ~ 



b. Corolla cylindrical, urn-shaped, ovate, or globular, very rarely hell-shaped, the 

 orifice b-to6tked ; anthers opening wholly or mainly at the top. AU belonged to 

 Andromeda of Linnaeus, now divided as follows. 

 s. CASSANDRA. Calyx of 5 ovate and acute rigid sepals overlapping in the 

 bud, and a pair of similar bractlets at its base. Corolla almost cylmdrical. 

 Anthers with tubular tjps to the cells, and no awns on the back. Pod flattish 

 from above, when ripe splitting into an outer layer of 5 valves and an 

 inner cartilaginous one of 10 valves. Shrub, with leaves rather scurfy. 

 10. LEUCOTHOE. Calyx of 5 almost separate sepals a little overlapping in the 

 bud. Corolla ovate-oblong or almost ■cylindrical. Anthers without tubular 

 tips. Pod flattish from above, 5-valyed, loculicidal. Shrubs, 



