272 GENTIAN FAMILY. 



2. FRASERA, AMKRICAN COLUMBO. (Named for John Fraser.) 



F. Carolin6n§is. Rich wooded ground W, & S. ; root vei-y largo and 

 deep, bitter (used in medicine as a substitute for Columbo) ; stem 3° -8° higli ; 

 leaves mostly in fours, lance-oblong, or the lowest spatulate ; corolla 1' wide, 

 greenish-yellow or whitish, and dark-dotted. @ y. 



3. GENTIANA, GENTIAN. (Old name, from Cen^ira, king of Illyria.) 

 Chieiiy in woods and damp ground : flowering chiefly in autumn, a few in 

 summer. 



§ 1 . Corolla without plaits at the sinuses : anthers separate : seeds witigless. ® @) 



G. quinqueflbra. Chiefly N. & W. : branching ; leaves ovate-lanceolate 

 or slightly heart-shaped at base ; flowers panicled, hardly 1 ' long, the .5 lobes 

 of the pale blue corolla triangular-ovate, bristle-pointed. 



G, crinita. Fringed Gentian. Low grounds N. & W. : leaves lanceo- 

 1-ite or broader, with rounded or heart-shaped base ; flowers solitary on long 

 peduncles terminating the stem or simple branches ; calyx with 4 unequal 

 lobes ; corolla sky-blue, showy, 2' long, funnel-form, the 4 wedge-obovate lobes 

 witli margins cut into a long and delicate fringe. 



G. det6asa, takes the place of the preceding species N. W , and is perhaps 

 a variety of it : has linear leaves and less fringe to the corolla (to which the 

 name alludes), often none at the top of the lobes. 



§ 2. Corolla miked, l^'-2' long, with plaits at the. sinuses, which project more or 

 less into teeth or thin intermediate lobes : pod stalked in the corolla. % 



» Stems low, hearing 1-3 slender-pedancled flowers : seeds wingless. 



G. angustifblia. Pine barrens from N. Jersey S. : 6' -15' high, with 

 linear leaves, and open funnel-form azure-blue corolla 2' long, its lobes ovate ; 

 anthers separate. 



X » Stems 10-2° high, bearinq clustered or rarely solitary 2-bractedflow rs at the 



summit of the len/y stem, and often in the upper axils also'. 



■<- Corolla between bell-shaped and short funnel form or ohconicaJ,, mostly open, with 



ovate lobes exceeding the usually toothed appendages of the plaits. 



G. oohroletica. Chiefly S. in dry ground : leaves obovate or spatulate- 

 oblong, narrowed at the base ; calyx-lobes linear ; corolla greenish-white with 

 greener and purplish stripes in3ido, somewhat bell-shaped; anthers separate; 

 seeds wingless. 



G. Alba. Along the Alleghanies^ and N W. : flowering at midsummer ; 

 leaves lance-ovate from a partly heart-shaped base, tapering thence to a point; 

 calyx-lobes ovate, short ; corolla yellowish-white, with short and broad lobes ; 

 anthers conniving ; seeds broadly winged. 



G. pub6rula. Dry barrens and prairies W. & S. : low, roughish, or 

 minutely pubescent, with lance-oblong, ovate, or linear rough-margined leaves 

 only 1 -2' long ; calyx-lobes lanceolate ; corolla hrii;ht blue, open, its spreading 

 ovate lobes 2 or 3 times longer than the cut-toothed intermediate appendages- 

 seeds not covenng the walls of the pod, as they do in the related species. 



e. Saponaria, So.vpwort G. Low woods, chiefly N. and along the 

 Alleghames ; leaves lance-ovate, oblona:, or obovate, or in a northern variety 

 Imear, narrowed at base ; calyx-lobes linear or spatulate ; corolla light blue or 

 i-ergmg to white, little open, its short and broad lobes longer than the con- 

 spicuous 2-cleft intermediate appendages ; anthers conniving or united ; seeds 

 narrowly-winged. 



*- ■*- Corolla more club-shaped and seldom open, truncate, with no proper lobes. 

 ®' ■^.'I'iJ^^WSii, Closed G. AYoods especially N. : Ipaves lance-ovate or 

 ance-oblong with a narrowed base ; calvx-lobes ovate or oblong, short ; «orolla 

 blue (rarely a white variety), its proper lobes if any shorter than the broad and 

 more conspicuous fringe-toothed and notched appendages which terminate the 

 lo.da ; anthers connected ; seeds broadly winged. 



