298 NETTLE FAMILY. 



rusty-downy buds ; leaves 4'- 8' long, doubly serrate, very rough above ; these 

 and the flowers sweet>scented in drying ; calyx-lobes and stamens 7 - 9 ; fruit 

 much less than 1' long, the seed-bearing centre pubescent. 



IT. mont^na, Wych or Scotch Klm. Planted from Eu. : leaves smaller 

 and less rough; buds not downy; calyx-lobes and stamens about 5 ; fruits 1' 

 long, smooth. 



§ 2. Leaves smooth above, smaller: notch at the summit of the fruit reaching nearly 

 to the seed-bearing cell : fruit only about ^' long. 



* European species occasionaUy planted : flowers in close clusters : pedicels very 



short or hardly any ; stamens 4 or 5 : fruit smooth, round-obovate. 



U. eamp^Stris (or glXbea), Enolish Elm. Large tree with rather short 

 horizontal or ascending branches ; leaves 2'-4' long, mostly or soon smooth. 



XT. suberdsa, European Cork-Elm. Probably a mere variety of the 

 preceding, with thick plates of cork on the branches. 



* « Wild species, with the flowers soon hanging on slender stalks, which ar^e jointed 



above the middle : fruit ovate or oval, with 2 sharp teeth at apex, the margin 

 downy-ciliate at least when young, 



TJ. Americ&na, American or White Elm. "Well known large tree, 

 with long ascending branches gradually spreading, drooping slender branchlets, 

 which are smooth as well as the buds, not corky ; the abruptly pointed leaves 

 2' - 4' long ; flowers in close clusters, with usually 7-9 calyx-lobes and stamens ; 

 fruit smooth except the margins, its incurved points closing the notch. 



U. racemosa. Corky White Elm. Resembles the foregoing, but with 

 downy-ciliate bud-scales ; branches becoming corky, young branchlets some- 

 what pubescent, leaves with straightcr veins, and flowers racemed. 



TJ. alkta, Whahoo or Winged Elm. Virginia to 111. and S. : small 

 tree, with bud-scales and branchlSts nearly smooth, winged plates of cork on 

 the branches, and small thickish leaves {l'-2' long) almost sessile. 



2. PLAWERA, PLANER-TREE. (Named for I. J. Planer, a German 

 Botanist. ) Elowers greenish, appearing with the leaves in early spring, 



P. aqu&tica, American P. River swamps, from Kentucky S. : small 

 tree, leaves ovate-oblong, smooth ; fruit stalked in the calyx, beset with irregular 

 warts or crests. 



3. CELTIS, HACKBERRY or NETTLE-TREE. (Ancient Greek name 

 for the Lotus-berry, produced by the European species.) PI. spring: fruit 

 ripe in autumn, eatable. 



C. oecidentklis, American H. Small or middle-sized tree, of rich low 

 grounds ; with reticulated ovate and taper-pointed serrate or entire leaves, 

 oblique or partly heart-shaped at base, sweet thin-fleshed fruit as large as a pea. 

 Var. ptiMiLA, a straggling bush, chiefly S., only 4° - 10° high. 



4. PIOUS, PIG. (The Latin, altered from the Greek name of the Fig ) 

 F. Carlca, Common Pig. Cult, from the Levant, as a house-plant N. : 



leaves,broad, 3-5-lobed, roughish above, rather downy beneath; figs single in 

 the axils, pear-shmed, luscious. 



F. el^Stica, India-Rubbek-tree of E. Indies (not that of S. America) ; 

 tree cult, in conservatories for its beautiful leaves, 6' -10' long, oval-oblong, 

 entire, thick, smooth, bright green, glossy above. 



F. rfepens, from China, a delicate creeping species, fixing itself firmly by 

 rootlets and covering walls in conservatories ; leaves 1' or less long, oblong- 

 _ ovate, with unequal partly heart-shaped base. 



6. MORUS, MULBERPY. (Old Greek and Latin name.) Leaves heart- 

 shaped or ovate, mostly serrate, often palraately lobed ; short catkin-like 

 spikes axillary or lateral ; fl. spring : fruit in summer, eatable. 

 M. rilbra, Red Mulberry. Low tree, wild in rich woods or along 



streams ; leaves rough above, downy beneath, pointed ; spikes often dioecious, 



fruit cylindrical, red, turning dark purple. 



