OAK FAMILY. S03 



downy beneath, pale and rough above, sinuately 5 - 7-lobed, the lobes divergent 

 and rounded, the upper pair larger and sometimes 1-3-notched; naked cup 

 deep saucer-shaped, half or one third the length of the small acorn. 



Q. macroearpa, Bur-Oak, Over-cup or Mossv-cup White Oak. 

 Middle-sized tree in fertile soil, commonest W. : with obovate or oblong lyrately 

 pinnatifid leaves, of various shape, pale or downy beneath, smooth above; 

 cup deep, thick and woody, from hardly 1' to 2' in diametei;, covered with hard 

 and thick pointed scales, the upper ones tapering into bristly points, making a 

 mossy-fringed border; acorn I'-l^' long, half or wholly covered by the cup. 



Q. lyrata, Southehn Overcup Oak. Large tree in river-swamps, from 

 N. Car. S. & W. : leaves crowded at the end of the branchlets, obovato-oblong, 

 with 7-9 triangular and entire acute lobes, glossy above, whitish-downy be- 

 neath; cup sessile, globular, rough with rugged scales, almost covering tlio 

 globular nut. 



« # ,Chestnut-Oaks, with toothed or sinuate leaves, not lohed except slighth/ in 

 tlie first species, while or whitish doumy beneath : 'cup hoary, about half the 

 length of the oblonij-ofoid edible acorn.. 



Q. bicolor, S<vamp White Oak. Low grounds, chiefly N. & W. : tall 

 tree, with leaves intermediate between the White and the Chestnut Oaks, being 

 more or less obovate and sinuate-toothed, or some of them nearly pinnatifid, 

 hoary with soft down beneath, wedge-shaped at base, the main veins only 6-8 

 pairs and not prominent ; peduncle in fruit longer than the petiole ; cup often 

 mossy-fringed at the margin ; acorn hardly 1' long. 



Q. PrljQUS, Chestnut Oak. The leading form is Swamp Chestnut 

 Oak, in low grounds mainly S. ; with obovate or oblong leaves wavy-toothed 

 and minntely downy beneath, the main veins 10-16 pairs and prominent be- 

 neath ; fruit-bearing peduncle short ; the thick cup i'-V wide, tubercled with the 

 thick scales ; acorn 1' or less long. — Var. MONTfooLA, Rock Chestnut Oak, 

 has large acorns like the above, but more the chestnut-like leaves of the next ; 

 grows in and near the mountains. — Var. acuminata, Yellow Chestnut Oak 

 of rich rather dry soil through the interior, mostly of the Middle States, has 

 chestnut-like oblong or lanceolate leaves, mostly roundish at base, on slender 

 petioles, equally and sharply toothed, and very straight-veined ; cup about j' 

 broad, its scales small and close ; acorn rather small. 



Q. prinoides, Dwarf Chestnut or Chinquapin-Oak. Barren or 

 sandy soil, mostly E. : shrub 2° - 4° high, with obovate or oblong -sinuate 

 leaves narrowed at base ; and acorns and cup like those of true Chestnut Oak, 

 but very much smaller ; producing little abortive acorns in the axils of some of 

 the scales of the cup. 



* * « Live Oak, with evergreen coriaceous leaves, not lobnl. 



Q. vireilS, Live Oak. Barrens or sands along the coast from Virg. S. 

 Small or large tree, or a mere shrub, with very durable firm wood, the hranch- 

 lets and lower face of the small oblong entire (or rarely spiny-toothed) leaves 

 hoary ; conspicuous peduncle bearing 1-3 small fruits, with top-shaped cup 

 and oblong acorn. 



§ 2. Biennial-fruited Oaks, the acorns not maturing until the autumn of 

 the ^second year, these therefore borne on old wood below f/ie leaves of the 

 season, on short and thick peduncles or none : kernel always bitter : tip or 

 lobes of the leaves commonly bristle-pointed. 



» Thickish-leaved Oaks, some of them almost or quite evergreen at the South, 

 coriaceous but deciduous N., entire, sparingly toothed, or barely 3-lobed at 

 the summit, 



■<- Leaves generally entire, not widened upwards : acorns spherical, small. 



Q. cin6rea, Upland Willow Oak. Dry pine-barreni, S. B. Virginia 

 and S. Small tree or shrub ; resembles Live Oak, but more downy, narrower- 

 leaved, the cup shallow, and small acorn globular. 



Q- Phellos, Willow Oak. Sandy low woods from New York S. :.a 

 middle-sized tree, remarkable for its linear-lanceolate smooth willow-like leaves 

 narrowed at both ends. 



