PINE FAMILY. 311 



imljricated with persistent scales, bearing at the apex, one a few naked 

 stamens, each with 3-8 anther^cells under a somewhat shield-shaped apex, 

 the other an ovate ovule. This in fruit becomes a nut-like blackish seed, 

 restinj! iu the bottom of a berry-like red cup. 



12. TORREYA. Leav,es, catkins, &c., nearly as in Taxus. Stamens more scale- 



shafjod at top, each bearing i hanging anther-cells. Naked seed resembling 

 a thin fleshed drupe or when dry a nut, with no cup around it, as large as a 

 nutmeg, which it resembles also in the brain-like interior structure. 



13. SALISBUEIA. Leaves wedge-shaped and fan-shaped, deeply 2-cleft and the 



lobes wavy-toothed and somewhat cleft at the broad truncate end, traversed 

 with straight simple or forking nerves or veins, like a Fern. "Flowers not 

 often seen. Sterile catkins slender and loose. Seed drupe-like, and with a 

 fleshy short cup around its base. 

 PODOGARPUS, one or two species in choice conservatories, and two half 

 hardy in the Middle States as low shrubs, — the genus so called because 

 the fleshy seed is raised on a sort of stalk, — belongs here. The leaves are 

 sometimes much unlike those of other Coniferous trees, being large, linear, 

 lanceolate, or even ovate, and veinless, except the midi'ib. 



1. PtWUS, PINE. (The classical Latin name.) Flowers in late spring. 



§ 1. PiTCH-PlNES and their relatives, with leaves only 2 or 3 in the duster, 

 scaly-sheathed at the base : wood resinous. 



* Cones lateral and persistent on the branch long after shedding the seed, the scales 

 thickened at the end, often tipped with a cusp or spine : leaves rigid, 

 ■<- Leaves 3 in the cluster. All natives, but the last Califtimian. 



P. austrWis, Long-leaved or Southern Yellovt Pine. Lofty striking 

 tree, of pine-barrens from N. Car. S. ; with leaves 10' -15' long, very resin- 

 ous wood, and cones 6'- 10' long, the scales tipped with a reflexed shprt spine. 



P. t&da. Loblolly or Old-field P. Smaller tree, id light soil, from 

 Virginia S., with less resinous wood, dark green leaves 6' - 10' long, and solitary 

 cones 3' - 5' long, the scales tipped with a short straight or incurved spine. 



P. rigida. Northern Pitch P. Sandy or thin rocky soil, abounding 

 along the coast N. and in the upper country S. ; a stout tree, witli dark green 

 leaves 3' -5' long from short sheaths, clustered ovate-conical cones 2' -3' long, 

 the scales tipped with a recurved spine or prickle. 



P. Serotina, Posd p. Small tree in wet gi-ound from N. Car. S. ; with 

 valueless wood, leaves 4' - 8' long, and mostly opposite round-ovate cones 2' - 3' 

 long, their scales tipped with a very small and weak prickle. 



P. ponderbsa (or BenthamiXna) ; planted froni California, where it is a 

 characteristic tree, with heavy wood, deep green leaves 6' -11' long, and clus- 

 tered cones about 3' long, reflexed on a short stalk. 



*~ -I- Leaves only 2 in the sheath, or a few of them sometimes in threes. 

 *+ Planted from Europe. 

 P. sylvestris, Scotch Pine (wrongly called also Scotch Fir), the com- 

 mon Pine of N. Euro.pe : middle-sized tree, known by the bluish-white hue of 

 it^ flat leaves (2'-4' long), reddish bark on the trunk, and narrow tapering 

 cones, the scales with tubercle-like tips. 



P. Austriaca, Austrian P., a probable variety of P. LvRfcio, or CoR- 

 siOAN P. of S. Eu. : a fast-growing massive tree, with very rough branches, 

 dark-green slender but rigid leaves 4' -6' long, and conical cones 24'-3' long. 



++ ++ Wild species of the country. 



P. pilngens, Table-Mountain or Prickly Pine. Along the Alle- 

 ghanies from Penn. to S. Car. : middle-sized tree ; with dark bluish-green 

 leaves only about 2' long ; but the heavy and clustered cones fully 3' long, 

 ovate, and the scales armed with a very strong somewhat hooked spine. 



P. mltis, Yellow Pine of the North, Short-lkaved Yellow Pine S. : 

 a middle-sized tree in sandy or dry soil, with firm fine-grained wood, slender 

 loaves (not rarely in threes) 3' -5' long, and mostly solitary m-ate or oblong- 

 onical cones barely 2' long, the scales tipped with a ininute weak prickle. 



