PINE FAMILY. 315 



9. THtrJA, ARBOR VITJE. (Ancient name of some resin-bearing ever- 

 green.) The varieties planted in collections are very numerous ; the follow- 

 ing are the principal natural types, by many taken for genera. 

 T. OOOidentSlis, American Arbor Vit^, or White Cedar of the 

 North. Common tree N., in swamps and cool moist woods, much planted, 

 especially for hedges and screens ; leaves mostly of the scale-shaped sort, blunt 

 and adnate ; cones oblong, rather soft, the oblong scales pointless, and bearing 

 2 thin winged seeds. Many nursery varieties, some of which, especially var. 

 ericoIdes or Hisath-likb A., have the loose awl-shaped sort of leaves. 



T. orientals, or BiO^a orientalis, the Chinese A., not fully hardy 

 far N. : small tree, with even the scale-shaped leaves acute, cone larger, with 

 thicker scales tipped with a recurving horn-like apex or appendage, each 

 2-seeded, and the seeds hard-shelled and wingless. — v ar. AtiRBA, the Golden 

 A. is dwarf and very dense, with yellow-green or partly golden-tinged foliage. 

 Var. TartArica, is a more hardy glossy-green variety, the leaves scale-shaped. 

 Var. Meldensis, one with only loose and awl-shaped leaves. Even the slender- 

 stemmed and weeping T. pendula is an extreme variety. , 



T. dolabrilta, or Thuj6i'Sis dolabrata of Japan. Remarkable for its 

 very flat spray, broad and very blunt large leaves (sometimes i' long) green 

 above and white beneath ; the cone with thick and rounded scales, each with 

 5 wing-margined seeds. 



10."JUNiPEBUS, JUNIPER. (Classical Latin name.) Fl. late spring. 



§ 1. Leaves (scale-like and awl-shaped, small, the former sort minute and very 

 adnate) like those of Cypress and Arbor Vital. 



J. Virginiina, Red Cedar or Satin. A familiar shrub and small or 

 large tree, with most durable and valuable reddish odorous wood ; the small 

 fruit dark with a white bloom, erect on the short supporting branchlet. 



J. Sabina, var. prociimbens. Rocky banks, trailing over the ground 

 along our northern borders, with the scale-shaped leaves less acute, and the 

 fruit nodding ou the short pednncle-Iike recurved branchlet. 



§ 2. Leaves all of one sai-t, in whorls of 3, jointed with the stem, linear with an awi- 

 shaped prickly point, the midrib prominent, also the rib-like viargim. 



J. cdmratinis, Commo.v Juniper. Erect or spreading shrub ; with very 

 sharp-pointed leaves green below and white on the upper face ; berries large and 

 smooth. The wild, low, much spreading variety is common N. in sterile or 

 rocky ground. Var. Hibeenica, very erect tree-like shrub, forming a narrow 

 column, is most planted for ornament, from Eu. 



11. TAXUS, TEW. (Classical name, from the Greek for a bow, the tough 

 wood was chosen for bows.) El. early spring. 



T. bacc&ta, European Yew. Low tree, with thick upright trunk, spread- 

 ing short branches, and pointed dark green' leaves about 1' long ; when planted 

 in this country forms only a shrub. 



Var. fastlgid,ta, Irish Yew ; a singular foi-m, making a narrow column, 

 the branches apprcssed ; the leaves shorter, broader, and scarcely in two ranks. 



Var. Canadensis, American Yew or Ground Hemlock ; shady cold 

 banks and woods N. ; the items spreading over the ground. 



12. TORBEYA. (Named for our Dr. Jofe Tbrrey.) Flowers in spring. 

 T. taxifolia. Woods In Florida : a handsome tree, but with the wood and 



foliage ill-scented ; leaves like those of Yew but longer and tapering to a sharp 

 point : hardy as a shrub as far north as New York. — T. Califoknica, is the 

 Californian Nutmeg-treu. T. NncfrBRA, from Japan, is another species. 



13. SALISBURIA, GINKGO-TREE. (Named for 72. A. Salisbury.) 



S. adiantifdlia (the name denotes the likeness of the leaves to those of 

 the Maidenhair Fern) , a most singular tree, planted from Japan, hardy even 

 N. ; branches spreading; the fan-shaped alternate leaves with their slender 

 stalks, 3' or 4 long. 



