CLUPEA.— PELLONULA. 155 



caudal. Pectoral pointed, f to f length of head ; a scaly pointed 

 appendage above its base. Ventral small, a little behind vertical of 

 origin of dorsal, also with a scaly appendage above its base. Caudal 

 deeply forked, with pointed lobes, the lower often a little longer than, 

 the upper. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Scales smooth 

 and thin, deciduous, 58-64 in longitudinal series, 18-20 in transverse 

 series ; 19-21 bony keeled scutes between isthmus and ventral, 13-15 

 between latter and vent. Back greenish or bluish, steel-colour, sides 

 and belly silvery white ; a blackish spot behind the upper part of 

 the gill-cover, sometimes followed by a series of four or five smaller 

 spots on the body ; fins whitish or greyish, the caudal fin often edged 

 with blackish. 



Total length 360 millim. 



Coasts of Europe from the North Sea to the Mediterranean, breeding 

 in fresh water. Ascending the rivers of North Africa. 



1-2. Ad. Algeria. Sir L. Playfair (P.). 



3. Yg. Bahr-el-Tawilah, near Lake L. Loat, Esq. (C). 



Menzaleh. 



4-7. Yg. Samannud, Damietta Nile. „ 



8-9. Hgr. &Yg- Rosetta Nile, near Barrage. „ 



10. Hgr. Cairo. u 



11-13. Yg. Near Cairo. „ 



14. Ad. Birket Karun, Fayum. ,, 



15-16. Ad. Nile. Rev. 0. P. Cambridge (P.). 



2. PELLONULA. 



Glinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 452 (1868) ; Bouleng. Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 124 

 (1901). 



Mouth moderate or large ; sharp, unequal conical teeth in each jaw, 

 with strongly enlarged ones at least in the lower jaw ; minute teeth on 

 the maxillary; conical teeth on the palatines and on the tongue; 

 maxillary formed of two pieces. Brauchiostegal rays 6. Body strongly 

 compressed, with an abdominal serrature formed of bony scutes ; scales 

 moderate ; no lateral line. Dorsal fin short, originating above ventrals ; 

 anal moderately elongate, with less than 20 rays. Ventrals with 8 or 9 

 rays. Vertebrae 46. 



Fresh waters of Tropical Africa. 



