298 CHAEACINID.-E.— CrPlU:\'TD.f. 



forming an open angle, and projecting rather strongly beyond the 

 mouth ; eye 3 (young) to 4^ times in length of head ; adipose eyelid 

 barely distinct ; interorbital width half, or less than half, length of head. 

 Gill-rakers very short and fine, 65-76 on lower part of anterior arch. 

 Dorsal 20-23 (4-5 unbranched), originating above base of ventral, 

 anterior branched rays produced, longer than head. Adipose fin much 

 longer than deep, its base nearly as long as or longer than its distance 

 from dorsal. Anal 22-27 (3-4 unbranched). Pectoral f to f length of 

 head, not reaching ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle deeper 

 than long. Scales 53-59 J|4^, 10-12 between lateral line and root of 

 ventral. Silvery, bluish grey on the back, with darker lines between 

 the series of scales. 



Total length 520 millim. 



Congo, Lake Tanganyika. — Types in Congo Museum, Tervueren. 



1. Yg., one of the types. Banana, Lower Congo. Capt. Wilverth (C). 



2. Yg. ' Loango, ,, „ M. De Meuse (C). 



3. Hgr., one of the types. Stanley Pool. M. P. Delliez (C). 



4. 5-6. Ad. & yg. Monsembe, Upper Congo. Rev. J. H. Weeks (C). 



7. Ad. U[)per Congo. Brussels University. 



8. Yg. Uerre River. M. De Bauw (C). 

 9-11. Ad. & hgr. Near Kalambo, L. Tangan- Prof. J. E. S. Moore (C). 



yika. 

 12. Ad. Niamkolo, L. Tanganyika. Dr.W. A.Cunniagton(C.). 



Fam. 2. CYPRINID^. 



Mouth usually more or less protractile, toothless, bordered by the 

 preemaxillaries and the maxillaries, or, more frequently, by the prse- 

 maxillaries only. Parietal bones united in a sagittal suture, or separated 

 by a fontanelle ; opercular bones well developed; symplectic present. 

 Lower pharyngeal bones falciform, subparallel to the branchial arches, 

 provided with teeth arranged in one, two, or three series, and often 

 remarkably specialise d. Ribs mostly sessile ; no parapophyses in the 

 thoracic region; epipleurals and epineurals, mostly free, floating. 

 Pectoral fins inserted very low down, folding like the ventrals. Body 

 naked or scaly. No adipose dorsal fin. 



Brain-case produced forward to the nasal capsule. Branchiostegal 

 rays reduced to three ; branchiostegal membrane usually more or less 

 extensively grown to the isthmus. 



Fresh waters of Europe, Asia, Africa, and North and Central America. 



