EMPEROR PENGUINS 



the Ad^lies, the black throat is not acquired until 

 the second moult. When this has taken place, the 

 bird looks remarkably handsome. The bill, which 

 is curved and tapering, is bluish black, but the 

 posterior half of the mandible is coloured a beautiful 

 lilac. The head and throat are black, whilst on each 

 side of the neck is a patch of vivid orange feathers. 

 The rest of the body is marked in the same way as 

 the Ad^lie. 



The mortality among the chicks being so very 

 high, the probability is that the life of the adult is 

 long, as otherwise the species could hardly survive. 

 Dr. Herbert Klugh has calculated that the Emperor 

 penguin lives for thirty-five years. 



Evidence goes to show that the young birds 

 spend their immaturity on the pack-ice, as all those 

 sighted and collected on the pack at any dis- 

 tance to the northward have been immature, and 

 no immature birds have been seen along the coasts 

 at any time during the summer. 



The food of the Emperor mainly consists of fish 

 and crustaceans. There are invariably many small 

 pebbles in the stomach. Like Addlies they must of 

 course have open water within reach in order to 

 get food, and in the neighbourhood of Cape Crozier 

 this is always to be found, as the rapid tide there 



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