CHARACTER OF BROADLEAF FORESTS 
made for a future growth to replace 
the present one. 
Of the broadleaf forests there are 
many types. There are forests of oak 
and chestnut, of maple and beech; dry 
upland forests, and the tangled woods 
of the swamps. There are young thick- 
ets of birch and aspen, of willow and 
alder, and scrubby oak barrens. There 
are second-growth forests, and now 
and then even a patch of fine old virgin 
timber. In size, also, there is a great 
difference, from the grove that covers 
the hilltop to the unbroken forest that 
stretches over an entire mountain 
range. 
It appears, therefore, that variety is 
one of the marked characteristics of 
our eastern woods. As several hun- 
dred different kinds of trees enter into 
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