ARTIFICIAL FORESTS OF EUROPE 
which the sprouts were composed of 
oak, beech, hickory, tulip tree, dog- 
wood, haw, and a few pine saplings, 
all of which formed a dense thicket of 
young trees. In summer it was pleas- 
ant to thread one’s way through this 
place, quite concealed by the straight 
young growth, or to lie down there 
and listen for a whole morning to the 
twitterings and songs of birds, shut in 
by a wealth of foliage. 
There is another type of European 
forest known as “coppice under stan- 
dards.” This is no more than a coppice 
growing underneath a selection forest 
somewhat different in aspect from the 
one already described. In the present 
case the selection forest is opener, the 
trees being fewer in number. Ample 
light is thus admitted for the growth of 
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