FOREST TREES AND FOREST SCENERY 
there is a cool, deep shade. The 
ground is scattered with fern, or cov- 
ered with deep beds of leaves, or with 
the glossy needles of the conifers. If 
the forest has originated from seeds 
borne by a generation of trees that 
previously occupied the same spot, and 
the seeds germinated here and there 
and sprouted into a new forest upon 
the removal of the old, we shall now 
find the trees distributed in natural 
positions. Where, however, the new 
forest has been planted, which is often 
the case with the conifers, the trees 
stand in close rank and file, and we 
walk among their columns as in nat- 
ural aisles and corridors. Here there 
is hardly a shrub to shut out the 
gloomy distance, and only at intervals 
a stray intruder with exceptional 
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