74 SIZE OF COROLLA. [CHA-p. 



flower is for some time merely mde. Before, however, 

 the first five anthers have completely shed their 

 pollen, the stigmatic surfaces arrive at maturity and 

 expand ; so that, during the second period, the flower 

 is both male and female. 



In G. pusillum, on the contrary, when the flower 

 first opens, the stigmatic surfaces are mature and 

 expanded, but the anthers, are not yet ripe ; the 

 flower consequently is merely female, and can only 

 be fertilised by pollen from an older flower. Soon, 



Fig. 63.-^Young flower of Tropaolum major. Neither the anthers nor the stigma 

 are yet mature. 



however, the anthers of the five outer stamens ripen, 

 and open, so that the flower is both male and 

 female. Another remarkable difference is, that in 

 G. pusillum, as in the allied genus Erodium, the five 

 inner stamens produce no pollen. 



In the genus Erodium, as in G. pusillum, the five 

 inner stamens are rudimentary, and produce no pollen. 

 The stamens ripen, however, before the stigma, though 

 if the visits of insects be deferred, the flower is 

 capable of self-fertilisation. 



