IV.] 



SAXIFRAGACEM, PARNASSIA. 



99 



gynous. In Chrysosplenium the anthers and stigma 

 ripen simultaneously. Parnassia palustris, as its name 

 indicates, inhabits wet and boggy places. It has ten 

 stamens, of which however five only bear anthers, 

 while the others secrete honey at the base, and ter- 

 minate in globular glands. The five poUiniferous 

 anthers ripen, not simultaneously, but successively, 

 and "as each ripens it places itself right on the 







Fig. 8i. — Drosera rotutidifolUt. 



top of the stigma, with its back to it, and the pollen 

 is then discharged from the anther on the side away 

 from the stigma, so that it is scarcely possible for any 

 to fall on it; and this is done by each of the five 

 stamens in succession." (Bennett, " How flowers are 

 fertilised." 1873, P. 19). The flowers are much visited 

 by insects, especially by flies. 



In the cases we have hitherto considered, the 

 relation between the flowers and insects is one of 



H 2 



