and Us Economic Management. 165 



reject her, then give them a frame of honey and brood, and 

 insert the queen at night according to the "fasting'' method. 



In times of scarcity it is always better to have the feeding- 

 bottle going when it is decided to insert a queen by any caging 

 process. 



All the foregoing plans have reference to fecundated 

 queens, but with regard to the introduction of 



Virgin Queens, 



hitherto there has been great uncertainty, and the only satis- 

 factory plans I have found are :-^(i) By introducing to a 

 confined nucleus as shewn above for fertile queens ; (2) by the 

 tubular cage before mentioned ; in this case pressing the open 

 end into thin foundation after putting in the young queen ; 

 and {3) by allowing three days to pass after the removal of a 

 fertile queen, and then inserting at night. {See also Queen 

 Rearing.) 



Queens Dying in Cage. 



When inserting queens by the cage it sometimes happens 

 that they are found dead. This results from one of two 

 causes : either want of food, or death by stinging or worrying, 

 as the perforations are too large in almost all cages used. The 

 former shows the danger of using such cages as do not press 

 into the combs, should the bees be disinclined to feed the 

 stranger ; while the latter evil can be remedied by using 

 perforations no larger than an ordinary pin will pass. We 

 may now, indeed, consider the period of uncertainty, as in the 

 days of queen caging, to have passed away. Under the 

 author's own managefnent, the subject of queen introduction 

 has been reduced to a certainty. In addition to the methods 

 of direct introduction, already enumerated, the experience 

 gained by an extensive practice has resulted in the following 

 additional observations, which must prove of service to many 

 who may have cause to introduce queens. 



