Forest Protection 167 



the line should be carefully surveyed and clearly denned. 

 Both parties should be witness to the accuracy of the sur- 

 vey and testify the same on the map or survey notes. If 

 the woodlot lies at some distance from the house and re- 

 mote from a well-traveled road, it should be visited oc- 

 casionally to see that no one is trespassing. Not only is 

 the wood lost by the theft, but the whole scheme of man- 

 agement is upset by the promiscuous cutting. 



WINDFALL 



Windfall is likely to occur only when the woodlot is 

 made up of shallow-rooted species, such as the spruce, 

 beech, birch, balsam and tamarack. It is usually caused 

 by winds that blow fairly consistently from some one direc- 

 tion. Damage is prevented by leaving a row or two of 

 deep-rooted species along the windward boundary for a 

 windbreak and never exposing the shallow-rooted trees 

 to the full force of the winds by cutting the wind-firm trees 

 around them. This is quite easily done because the 

 shallow-rooted trees are usually shorter and located on 

 lower ground where the wind is not so likely to strike 

 them. In case the woodlot is made up entirely of shallow- 

 rooted species, it is necessary to accustom them to the 

 wind and thus strengthen their roots by thinning them 

 gradually and not making any heavy cuttings where the 

 remaining trees will be exposed to the wind. Should 

 windfall occur, the same measures that are described under 

 " ground fires " should be taken at once. In a small wood- 

 lot, little loss need result. 



