Forest Mensuration 187 



being careful to get the average diameter if the log 

 is not round. Opposite the fifteen-inch mark and in the 

 sixteen-foot row he finds 121 ft. This he records as the 

 contents of the log. 



Any one can scale sound and straight logs when the 

 contents may be read directly from the scale, but much 

 experience is needed to scale crooked or defective logs 

 with any degree of accuracy. The number of board 

 feet that the defect will spoil must be estimated and 

 deducted from the amount given by the scale. It is 

 wholly a matter of experience and judgment. 



ALLOWANCE FOR DEFECTS IN SCALING 



The only difficult thing about scaling logs is the determi- 

 nation of the allowance to be made for defects. Since this 

 is learned by the scaler only through long years of experi- 

 ence and actual observations of the sawing out of defective 

 logs at the mill, it cannot very well be picked up by the 

 farmer in the comparatively little practice that he receives 

 in scaling. Allowance for defect must be largely a matter 

 of guess work with him. 



Some attempts have been made to systematize this 

 discounting for defects and reduce the results to tables 

 showing the number of board feet to be deducted for a 

 certain size and form of defect. For the aid of the in- 

 experienced farmer some tables worked up by H. D. 

 Tieman of the Yale Forest School are inserted here, 

 quoted from H. S. Graves' book on "Forest Mensuration." 



A cull table for center defects. — "This table is appli- 

 cable to all center defects, such as holes, cup shake, rot, 

 etc., which are four inches or more from the bark. To 



