Forest Utilization 219 



The team, the leaders usually being used for this work, 

 is backed up to the opposite side of the wagon. The, free 

 end of the chain is hooked to the whiffle-tree, preferably 

 with a grab hook that can be released by a lever. This 

 avoids the danger of upsetting the load if the horses 

 cannot be stopped. When the team is driven out at right 

 angles to the road, the log is rolled up the skids onto the 

 bunks. Two horses in this way can handle almost any 

 logs that are cut in the Northeast. One horse can handle 

 small logs. When the log is in place, the chain is unhooked 

 and put around another log while the team is being brought 

 back into position. A little faster work is possible if the 

 chain unhooks in the middle instead of at the whiffle-tree. 

 The horses soon learn the system and one man alone can 

 put on a load with a well-trained team. When the load 

 is in place, it is bound fast with the loading chain. Some- 

 times a binder pole is used. 



From four to eight thousand feet make a good load on an 

 iced road on which there are no heavy grades. On a 

 heavy down grade, straw put in the ruts will act as a 

 brake. In wagon hauling, or on snow roads, from one 

 thousand to fifteen hundred feet is about the limit. 



When the logs have been removed, the other marketable 

 products should be taken from the remaining portion of 

 the tree : ties, posts or firewood. 



THE CHIEF USES OP OUR COMMON WOODS 



Yellow poplar. — Panels ; flooring ; molding ; clap- 

 boarding; sheathing; shingles; siding on railroad cars; 

 interior finish of Pullman cars; coffins; -bodies of auto- 

 mobiles ; carriages and sleighs ; sides of farm wagon beds ; 



