Forest Utilization 223 



Beech. — Wood alcohol ; wood ashes ; charcoal ; shoe 

 lasts ; plane blocks ; clothespins ; handles ; wooden 

 bowls ; horse collars (hames) ; parquet strips ; flooring ; 

 street paving; railroad ties; sugar barrels; furniture 

 made from veneers, or bent after steaming ; chairs. 



Hop hornbeam. — Posts ; levers ; tool handles ; wagon 

 brakes; shoes; wedges. 



White birch. — ■ Toothpicks ; shoe pegs and lasts ; wood 

 pulp; spools; clothespins; screws; flooring; veneers; 

 furniture ; bobbins and spindles ; wooden skewers ; home- 

 made barrel hoops. 



Yellow birch. — ■ Furniture (usually mahogany finish) ; 

 match boxes; wheel hubs; tool handles; buttons; 

 brush backs ; shoe pegs ; clothespins ; sugar barrels ; dry 

 distillation for wood vinegar, wood alcohol, charcoal. 



Black birch. — Imitation cherry and mahogany furni- 

 ture; ship building; bark distilled for oil of winter- 

 green. 



Cottonwood. — Boxes ; wood pulp and fiber ; slack 

 barrels; woodenware; flooring; excelsior; cores for 

 veneers in organs and pianos ; matches ; building lumber ; 

 furniture; wagon beds; turnery; fence boards. 



White cedar. — ■ Posts ; fencing ; telegraph poles ; rail- 

 road ties ; tanks and buckets ; shingles ; street paving ; 

 boats. 



Red cedar. — Tanks ; posts ; buckets ; telephone poles ; 

 chests ; pencils ; interior finish. 



White pine. ■ — ■ House building and finishing ; boxes and 

 crates ; sash, doors, blinds ; shingles ; backing of fine 

 veneers ; excelsior ; matches ; laths ; woodenware ; slack 

 barrels ; framing of machinery ; furniture ; patterns for 



