224 The Farm Woodlot i 



casting metals ; ship masts ; baled shavings for filtering 

 gas, bedding for horses, packing for crockery. 



Jack pine. — Ties and piling ; cheap lumber ; boxes ; 

 laths ; wood pulp. 



Norway pine. — Lumber generally ; ship building ; con- 

 struction ; flooring ; masts ; piles of wharves ; covering, 

 lining, siding, flooring and sills of railroad cars; railroad 

 ties. 



Spruce. — Chemical fiber and paper pulp (down to five 

 inches in diameter) ; matches ; construction ; posts ; 

 railroad ties; fresh-water ship building; clapboards; 

 flooring; ceiling; step-ladders; sounding boards (from 

 butt logs) ; oars ; paddles ; spars ; wharf piles ; telegraph 

 poles ; toys ; wood type ; butter buckets ; slack cooper- 

 age ; wooden thread (for mattings) ; chewing gum ; 

 vanillin. In Europe spruce bark is used for tanning. 



Hemlock. — Lumber ; dimension stuff ; construction 

 timbers; shingles; railroad ties; fencing; paper pulp 

 and fiber ; bark for tanning. 



Tamarack. — Fence posts ; telegraph poles ; soda 

 fiber ; ships' knees ; railroad ties. 



