98 THE PETCHORA IN FLOOD 



express the exact sound in English characters, since 

 almost every Samoyede word is pronounced either nasally 

 or gutturally. 



The Samoyede for sledge is khan, the kh pronounced 

 like ch in German, and the n like n in Spanish. 



A reindeer is tu, the u like the German u. There 

 are three sorts of reindeer : khora-tU, the entire male 

 reindeer; khdb-til, the cut reindeer; ai.nd yah-tu, the female 

 reindeer. These adjectives are also used in reference to 

 horses and other cattle. 



The piece of leather over the body of the animal 

 which takes the place of our saddle is called ih.e.ydde'- 

 yend. The narrower band round the neck, in place of 

 the collar, is thftpode'-yur. The single trace attached to 

 the lower part of the collar, and passing between the legs 

 under the body, is called the sd. The blind pulley, or 

 pulley-block without a pulley through which it passes, is 

 xhe.pyat'-say'. The halter, or bridle without a bit, is the 

 syahn. The halter of the leading reindeer is the nyes'- 

 min dye syahn. The halter of the other reindeer is the 

 pyelay syahn. The rein with which the leading reindeer 

 is guided is the metdnye. The hook on the side of the 

 saddle-band on which the rein rests is the khdlsoold. 

 The swivel or universal joint by which the rein is 

 attached to the halter is the siir'nye. A button which 

 serves to fasten the trace to the collar, or the belly-band 

 to the saddle, is th^ paystk. The long pole with which 

 the reindeer are driven is the toor, and the bone or ivory 

 knob at the end of it the toor-mahl. The rein connecting 

 the leading reindeer with the one next to it is the poo- 

 inye. A lasso is called a teen-zdy, and the bone noose 

 through which it runs is the sah'mtk. The tent or choom 

 is the myah'-kdn, and a dog is called a vomyeko. 



The Samoyede who gave us this information was one 



