76 TRAPPING WILD ANIMALS 
self. When rushing an enemy, he trumpets shrilly; 
when enraged by wounds, he grumbles hoarsely 
from his throat; he expresses fear by a shrill, brassy 
trumpet and a roar; and pleasure by a continued 
low squeaking through the trunk. When apprehen- 
sive of danger or when attempting to intimidate 
an enemy, he raps the end of his trunk smartly on 
the ground and trumpets. The peculiar noise sounds 
like that produced by the rolling up of a sheet of tin. 
In a moment of danger, the elephant coils his 
trunk to protect it from injury. When he is en- 
gaged in heavy work, such as piling lumber, he may 
use his trunk to balance the load he is carrying on 
his tusks, but never to bear part of the burden. If 
an unharnessed elephant must pull a rope, he holds 
it in his mouth, taking good care to keep his trunk 
out of the way. It has happened many times that 
an elephant-keeper—not a trainer, for a trainer 
knows better—has used a hook a little too freely on 
an elephant’s trunk. If he doesn’t get killed, he 
picks himself up several yards from where he was 
standing. A trainer is invariably pleased at such 
an occurrence, because it shows that the keeper was 
abusing the elephant and has merely received his 
deserts. The elephant is a good, faithful animal, 
and he does not attack his keeper without excuse, 
except when he is in what is called the “must” 
period, which I shall describe later. 
When the elephant is secured by hobbles, foot- 
ropes and trunk-ropes, the bars leading from the 
