84 AMERICAN POMOLOGY. 



here described. The stock upon which we wish to graft 

 thescion, must be planted near the variety or species to 

 be increased. A small twig of the latter, which can be 

 brought close to the stock, is selected for the operation ; 

 a slice of bark and wood is then removed from the twig, 

 and another of equal size from the stock, so managed, that 

 these cut surfaces can be brought together and secured 

 in that position until they have united, after which the 

 twig, that has been used as a scion, is cut from its parent 

 tree, and the top of the stock is carefully reduced until 

 the scion has sufficiently developed itself to act as the top 

 of the ingrafted tree, which may afterward be transplanted 

 to its proper station. 



A modification of this grafting by approach, is, howev- 

 er, sometimes of great service, where we have a valuable 

 tree that has suffered from disease in the roots, or from in- 

 jury to them. It consists in planting some thrifty young 

 stocks, with good roots, about the base of the tree, after 

 having prepared the ground by thorough digging, '&nd by 

 the addition of good soil if necessary. These stocks are 

 then inserted upwards into the healthy portion of the 

 trunk, by the process of side grafting reversed or invert- 

 ed, or by the usual method of inarching. 



Ring Gbaiting ok Baek Geafting is not much used, 

 and in small stocks it is rather a kind of budding, for then 

 a ring of bark is removed at the proper season of year, 

 generally about midsummer, and it is replaced by a similar 

 ring of bark from a shoot of the same size, taken from a 

 tree of the variety to be propagated ; this ring of bark 

 must be furnished with a healthy bud. This method has 

 little to recommend it, and can only be applied when both 



