360 AMKKKJAX POMOLOG'l'. 



or wide ; it is regular, or wavy, wrinkled, plaited, folded, 

 ribbed or angular, fig. 46 — when these peculiarities exist. 



Fig. 44. — DEEP AND ABRUPT. Fig. 45. — SHALLOW. 



Some fruits are russeted at this part of their surface only, 

 but this marking is a variable character anil is founfl in 



greater or less degree in dif- 

 ferent localities ; thus the Rhode 

 Island Greening, to which it be- 

 Fig. 46.— NAEKOw AND FOLDED loHgs, IS Bometinics almost en- 

 tirely divested of the russeting, and in other localities 

 the surface is thickly spread with it half way to the stem ; 

 the Westfield Scek-no-fiirther, which is slightly marked 

 with this character in the North, often becomes a russet 

 apple in more southern latitudes. 



The basin of some fruits is very apt to crack into irreg- 

 ular fissures, and this appears to be peculiar to certain va- 

 rieties, though it is not esteemed a very reliable mark; 

 the term cracked is used to express this. In some fruits, 

 however, we find a very peculiar cracking that forms a 

 permanent chai-acter, upon wliich great dependence may 

 be placed : all the rim of the basin in these is marked 

 with a slightly cracked appearance that does not rupture 

 the skin, and which resembles the incipient breaking of 

 the surface of a piece of dry leather ; it has, therefore, re- 

 ceived the name of leather-crack. This is characteristic 

 of a few sorts, and hence a valuable mark. 



Within the basin is the Eye, which furnishes characters 

 of great value. This I consider to meail the meeting of 



