148 Gardening 
On the other hand, the seeds of many warm-season 
crops rot in cool soil; the seedlings are injured by cool 
weather and are usually killed by frost. The plants 
grow very slowly, except in hot weather, and they are 
killed by the first autumn frosts. The more quickly 
maturing of these crops are grown from seed planted in 
the garden; but in the northern part of the United States 
the season is too short to allow those with a long growing 
period to be raised entirely outdoors. The seedlings 
of such crops are, therefore, started indoors or under 
glass, and when the soil and air became warm, the plants 
are transferred to the open ground. In the more south- 
ern states the warm-season crops yield harvests from 
May to October. 
Quick-growing cool-season crops. Leaf lettuce, spring 
radishes, spinach, turnips, and peas are short-period cool- 
season crops. The seeds are planted in the garden as 
soon as the soil can be worked in the spring, and the crops 
mature before hot weather arrives. Onions from sets also 
are grown in this way. As the seedlings endure frost, 
first plantings of these crops can be made from ten days to 
two weeks before the latest killing frost of the locality. 
Crops of these vegetables may be grown in the autumn 
also, by planting them late in summer. The varieties 
that are best for autumn are often different from those 
that are best for spring planting. During late summer 
the conditions are rather unfavorable to the seedlings, 
and properly starting the autumn crops requires more 
skill than does the spring planting. Success with such 
crops depends in large measure on careful nurture of the 
young seedlings. 
