186 Gardening 
Fic. 109. A cold frame at the New York Botanical Garden. Flats of seed- 
lings are placed in the cold frame for growth and for hardening. 
transferring, at the proper time, the flats of seedlings to 
the cold frame. Seedlings to be transplanted to the 
garden in late spring or during summer may be grown 
directly in the soil of the cold frames. The soil should 
be well tilled and should contain only small amounts of 
manure. One should never stand or walk directly on 
the soil in a cold frame, but on a board placed on the 
surface within the frame. 
Transplanting from flats to other flats. It is not 
best to leave seedlings of cabbages, tomatoes, celery, 
lettuce, peppers, and eggplants in the flats in which the 
seed was sown until they are large enough to transplant 
to the garden. The soil is likely to become compacted, 
and the seedlings are usually too crowded. It is there- 
