The Care of Growing Crops 209 
If the garden slopes somewhat, shallow trenches 
may be made between the rows of plants with a hoe, and 
then water may be allowed to run along these trenches 
as needed. In arid regions this method of irrigation is 
in very general use. 
Whatever method of irrigation is employed, it is 
best to soak the garden thoroughly at intervals of several 
days rather than to water slightly at rather frequent 
intervals. As soon after irrigation as the soil is suffi- 
ciently dry, go over the garden with a rake, making a 
fine surface mulch. 
In watering crops with hose or sprinkling can, avoid 
applying heavy and continued streams that wash the soil 
away from roots, exposing them to the air. Soil may be 
packed and puddled also by careless watering. Leafy 
crops like lettuce often decay and rot if the head is filled 
with water. 
Questions 
In what three ways does surface cultivation benefit growing 
crops? What is a dust mulch? How does it prevent loss of 
water from the soil? Why is it necessary to cultivate soon after 
each rain? How should young crops be cultivated? Name the 
best tools for cultivating a small garden. 
Why is it best to pull weeds when they are small? When is the 
best time to do weeding? Why is this the best time? Why do 
crops need thinning? How is it best done? Why should vacant 
places in the rows be replanted? When is the watering of gardens 
necessary? Describe the proper methods of supplying water. 
Things to Do and Observe 
1. To show that a dust mulch retains water. Procure two deep 
water-tight tin cans of the same size. Fill both with clay soil, 
and water eachthoroughly. Let stand until the soil can be worked. 
