Crops Grown for Their Leaves 241 
killed by frost. Six hills of the plants will supply a family 
with one or two ‘“‘ messes” of tender, clean greens each 
week from early summer until frosts occur. 
In many sections as far north as planting zone F, the 
plants seed themselves ; that is, the seeds which fall from 
plants to the ground live over winter and germinate early 
in the following spring. These young plants may be 
transplanted to a place in the garden which has been 
properly prepared for planting. 
LONG-PERIOD SALAD VEGETABLES THAT MATURE IN 
AUTUMN 
Endive and chicory are two salad plants that mature 
best in autumn as cool-season crops. If planted very 
early in spring, they tend to run to seed during the 
summer, even inthe more northern of the planting zones. 
Seeds are therefore planted in summer (in early summer 
in the north and later farther south). The plants grow 
rather slowly during hot weather, but are ready to make 
a rapid development during the cool autumn. 
Endive. Endive is a favorite bitter salad plant, 
grown in the North as a fall crop and in the South as a 
winter crop. The seed is planted during June or July in 
the North and as late as in August in the South. Seed 
is sown directly in the garden or in seed beds for later 
transplanting. The plants should stand 1 foot each way 
in rows that are at least 1 foot apart. 
Varieties such as Green-curled, Moss-curled, and White- 
curled, which produce dense clusters of curled and finely 
divided leaves, are very satisfactory for culture in the 
home garden. When the outer leaves are 6 or more 
