242 Gardening 
inches in length, they should be drawn together and tied 
with soft cord or with raffia, in order to blanch the inner 
leaves. One variety known as Escarole has- broad 
leaves and is less bitter than the cut-leaved sorts. 
With the approach of freezing temperatures in the 
northern planting zones, endive may be stored. Dig 
up the plants, keeping a ball of dirt in place about the 
roots, and pack close together in a cold frame or in boxes 
that are placed in a cool cellar. Keep the soil moist, 
but be sure that the leafy portion is kept dry and well 
exposed to the air to prevent rotting. Plants can readily 
be kept in storage in good condition for a period of 
at least 6 weeks; with special care, under most suitable 
conditions, they may be kept much longer. 
Witloof chicory or French endive. When properly 
grown, this plant yields a most delicious and mildly 
bitter salad for use during the winter months. Al- 
though easily grown, this crop has not become well 
known in American gardens; but it has long been a 
favorite salad in European countries. The variety 
known as the Witloof is especially to be recommended. 
In the northern states, sow seeds during June or July 
in shallow drills about 12 inches apart. Thin the young 
seedlings to stand 8 inches apart. 
The green leaves produced in the field are not used 
as food, as are those of the curled endive, but a new crop 
of leaves is forced from the roots in the following manner : 
The roots, which should resemble those of the parsnip 
in shape and size, are dug before severe frosts occur. 
Those not needed for immediate forcing are stored in cold 
frames, in pits, or in a cool room of a cellar, so that 
