Fowl Tuberculosis 



733 



For the recognition of tuberculosis in cattle it is easily carried 

 out. 



To make a satisfactory diagnostic test, the temperature of the 

 animal should be taken every few hours for a day or two before the 

 tuberculin is administered, in order that the normal diurnal and 

 nocturnal variations of temperature shall be known. The tuber- 

 culin is then administered by hypodermic injection into the shoulder 

 or flank, and the terriperature subsequently taken every two hours 

 for the next twenty-four hours. A reaction of two degrees beyond 

 that normal to the individual animal is positive of tuberculosis. After 

 one reaction of this kind the animal will not again react to an equal 

 dose of tuberculin for a number of weeks. 



FOWL TUBERCULOSIS 



Bacillus Tuberculosis Avium 



The occasional spontaneous occurrence of tuberculosis in chickens, 

 parrots, ducks, and other birds, observed as early as 1868 by_ Roloff* 



Fig. 287. — Bacillus tuberciilosis avium. 



and Paulicki,t was originally attributed to Bacillus tuberculosis 

 hominis, but the work of Rivolta,| Mafucci,§ Cadio, Gilbert and 

 Roger, II and others has shown that, while similar to it in many 

 respects, the organism found in the avian diseases has distinct pe- 

 culiarities which make it a -different variety, if not a separate species. 

 Cadio, Gilbert, and Roger succeeded in infecting fowls by feeding 



* "Mag. f. d. ges Tierheilkunde," 1868. 

 t "Beitr. zur vergl. Anat.," Berlin, 1872. 

 i"Giorn. anat. fisiol. e. path.," Pisa, 1883. 

 § "Zeitschrift fOr Hygiene," Bd. xi. ■ 

 II "La Semaine medicale," 1890, p. 45 



