THE PIGEON. Ill 



over the end of the bone, and inflate; what is the 

 result of this experiment? Keeping another tube 

 connected with the windpipe, determine whether air 

 can be sent in through the windpipe and out of the 

 humerus, and vice versa. 

 9. Cut through the body- wall, just behind the margin of 

 the breastbone forward as far as the ribs; raise the 

 breastbone and find the reddish brown liver. 



10. Lift the liver and disclose, at the left of the body- 

 cavity, a hard mass, the gizzard. Slit the abdominal 

 wall in the middle line back to the anus, push aside 

 any fat that may cover the internal organs, and turn 

 the gizzard to the left of the bird to find where the 

 intestine arises from it ; trace the intestine from the 

 gizzard backward. 



11. The part of the intestine nearest to the gizzard is 

 the duodenum. 



12. In a long loop formed by the duodenum is a pinkish 

 organ, the pancreas. 



13. Tf*ace the intestine, tearing away the fat and the thin 

 walls of the abdominal air-sacs, observing that it is 

 held in place by a thin, transparent membrane, the 

 mesentery. 



14. Near its end the intestine has two short side branches, 

 the caeca. 



15. Just before the intestine ends, it widens, forming the 

 cloaca. 



16. Turn the gizzard to the right of the bird; entering 

 it from the front, find a mottled, bulging tube, the 

 glandular stomach; pull the crop forward, to show 

 the connection between it and the glandular stomach. 

 To the right of the glandular stomach is the small, red 



