30 ANACANTHINI. 



and winter montts. At Plymouth it is known as " merry sole :" at Hove, as " tte 

 kit:" at Penzance, as " tlie queen " or " queen fish" (Pennant): South Wales 

 (Donovan) : Swansea (Dillwyn). 



Ireland. — " Occasionally taken around the coast, but not in large numbers m 

 any part of it" (Thompson), and at all seasons. 



Portrush, county Antrim, " not uncommon, as several specimens may almost 

 always be picked out of a night's trawling" (Ogilby, Zool. 1876, p. 4?56).: 

 the largest example measured 17 inches (Ogilby). 



The example figured, 12 inches long, was from Brixham. 



2. — tffo spine liefore anal fin. 

 3. Pleuronectes cynoglossus, Plate CIII. 



Pleuronedus, sp. Gronov. Mus. Ich. i, p. 14, no. 39 (diagn. and synon. exclu.) 

 and ii, p. 11, no. 39, and Act. Helv. iv, p. 263, no. 145 and Zooph. p. 74, no. 252. 

 Graig-flulce, Parnell, Edin. New Phil. Journ. 1835, p. 210. 



Pleuronectes cynoglossus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 456 ; Bonn. Atl. Ich. p. 74 ; 

 Gmel. Linn. p. 1228 ; Pries, Wiegm. Arch. 1840, p. 19 ; Nilss. Skand. Faun, iv, 

 p. 263 ; Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 88 ; Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 449 ; Collett, p. 147 ; 

 Malm, p. 527; Winther, Ich. Dan. Mar. p. 40; Goode and Bean, Pro. U.S. Nat. 

 Mus. i, p. 19. 



Pleuronectes saxicola, Faber, Isis, 1828, p. 877. 



Pleuronectes nigromanus, Nilss. Prod. Scand. iv, p. 55 ; Guv. Reg. Anim. 111. 

 Poiss. pi. cvii. 



Glyptocephalus saxicola, Gotts. Wiegm. Arch. 1835, p. 1S6. 



Platessa pola, Cuv. Reg. Anim. ; Jenyns, Manual, p. 458 ; Parnell, Wern. 

 Mem. vii, p. 370, t. xxxviii, and Fish. Firth of Forth, p. 210, t. xxxviii ; Bonap. 

 Wiegm. Arch. 1835, p. 157 ; Thompson, Proc. Zool. See. 1837, p. 58, and An. 

 Nat. Hist. 1838, p. 16, and Nat. Hist. Ireland, iv, p. 196; Tarrell, Brit. Fish. 

 (Ed. 1) ii, p. 227, c. fig. (Ed. 2) ii, p. 315 (Ed. 3) i, p. 616 ; White, Catal. p. 99. 



Platessa. saxicola, Kroyer, Dan. Piske. ii, p. 338, c. fig. 



Platessa elongata, Tarrell, Supp. Brit. Fish, and (Ed. 2) ii, p. 318, c. fig. (Ed . 

 3) i, p. 619 ; White, Catal. p. 99 ; Higgins, Zoologist, 1861, p. 7317. 



Pleuronectes elongatus, Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 450 ; Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, 

 p. 755, pi. Ixi. 



Platessa cynoglossus, Moreau, Poiss. France, iii, p. 296. 



Pole and Long-flounder, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, iii, pp. 190, 193, pis. clxxiii 

 and clxxiv. 



B. V, D. 102-115, P. 10-12, V. 5-6, A. 86-100, C. 18, L. 1. 115. 



Length of head 6j to 6^, of caudal fin Q\, height of body 3j to 4 in the 

 total length. Hyes — on the right side, and separated from each other by a very 

 narrow ridge, which is scaleless in small, minutely scaled in large examples : 

 lower eye 1/3 in advance of the upper, and 2 diameters in the postorbital portion 

 of the head. Lower jaw slightly the longer, and with a tubercle below the 

 symphysis. Maxilla 2/3 as long as the orbit, and extending to beneath the front 

 edge of the lower eye. Body very thin, its greatest thickness equalling 1/6 of its 

 greatest height, excluding the vertical fins. Teeth — in a single row, compressed, 

 with their crowns somewhat obtuse : most developed on the blind side. Fins — 

 dorsal commences over the centre of the upper eye, its rays undivided, the longest 

 being at its middle, where they are 3/5 the length of the head : posteriorly it 

 terminates almost close to the root of the caudal fin, which latter is wedge-shaped. 

 Anal similar to the dorsal, but its middle rays not so elongated. A small spine 

 directed anteriorly is situated in front of the base of the anal fin. Both pectorals 

 with 12 rays, the left 1/2 as long as the head, the right 1/4 longer than the left. 

 Ventrals each with 6 rays, and 1/2 as long as the pectorals. Scales — cycloid on the 

 blind side, feebly ctenoid on the coloured : some very fine ones over the fin-rays 



