42 ANACAJSTTHINI. 



B. One of the nostrils on the blind side dilated and fringed. 



2. Solea lascaris, Plate CVII. 



Pleuronectes lascaris, Risso, Ich.. Nice, p. 311, pi. vii, f. 32. 



? Fleurmiectes nasutus, Pall. Zoogr. Ross. -As. p. 427. 



Solea impar, Bennett, Proo. Zool. Soc. i, p. 147 ; Giinther, Catal. iy, p. 468. 



Solea lascaris, Risso, Eur. Merid. iii, p. 249 ; Bonap. Fauna, Ital. Peso. ; 

 Canestr. Arcli. Zool. i, p. 38, t. iv, f . 1 ; Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 467 ; Canestr, 

 Taun. Ital. Pesc. p. 165 ; Moreau, Poiss. France, iii, p. 307. 



Solea pegusa, Tarrell, Zool. Joum. iv, pp. 467, 508, pi. xvi, Brit. Fish. (ed. 1) 

 ii, p. 260, c. fig. (ed. 2) ii, p. 351 ; Jenyns, Man. p. 467 ; Thompson, Nat. Hist. 

 Ireland, iv, p. 206 ; "White, Catal. p. 106 (not Lacep. or Risso). 



Solea nasuta, Nordm. in Demid. Voy. Russ. Merid. Zool. iii, Poiss. p. 536, pi. 

 xxxi ; Kessler, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1859, pt. ii, p. 442 ; Richardson, in Yarrell, 

 Brit. Fish. (ed. 3) i, p. 662 ; Steind. Ich. Span. u. Port. 1868, p. 58. 



Solea aurantiaca, Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 467 ; Steind. Ich. Span. u. Port. 1868, 

 p. 58. 



Lemon Sole, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isl. iii, p. 205, pi. clxxviii. 



B. vii, D. (65) 82-88, P. 10, V. 5, A. (32) 67-71, C. 15, L. 1. 130-140. Vert. 

 46. 



Length of head S-J- to 6i, of caudal fin 8 to 8|, height of body 2-| to 2|- in 

 the total length. Eyes — the superior 1/2 in advance of the inferior : about H 

 diameters from the end of the snout, and about 1 diameter apart. This species 

 is rather thicker than S. vulgaris. Upper jaw slightly longer than the lower 

 but not produced into a lobe. The cleft of the mouth extends to beneath the 

 middle of the lower eye. Some filaments on the snout, very numerous on the 

 blind side of the head and also on the few first dorsal rays. Nostrils on the 

 coloured side tubular, the anterior one being the longer. One of the nostrils on the 

 blind side is nearly circular, very wide, and encircled by short and branched 

 filaments. Teeth — distinct on the blind side. Fins — the dorsal commences in 

 front of the upper eye : most of the fin-rays branched. The two pectoral fins 

 are equally long and 2^ in the length of the head. Oill-rahers — absent or 

 exceedingly minute. Scales — ctenoid, continued on to the fin-rays. The mucous 

 membrane of the gullet has longitudinal folds which are continued into the stomach : 

 the intestine beyond the pylorus is wider than the stomach : externally both 

 have several large papillae on them. Colours — of an orange or lemon yellow, 

 marbled with darker and covered with numerous small black blotches and dots, 

 among which are some light or even white ones. Pectoral fin with a large black 

 blotch, surmounted by a light ring in its posterior half. Vertical fins of the same 

 colour as the body. In some examples the yellow colour is entirely lost after they 

 have been a few weeks in alcohol, leaving the fish gray marbled with darker. 



Tarrell appears to have been the first British author who distinguished this 

 fish and considered it identical with Fleuronectes pegusa (Risso) : Jenyns, however, 

 observed that it is not Risso's fish, and appears to be undescribed by any foreign 

 authors. Richardson next located it as Fleuronectes nasutus (Pallas) : while 

 subsequently Dr. Giinther believed it to be undescribed and named it Solea 

 aurantiaca. It seems to be S. lascaris (Risso) as suggested by Moreau, and agrees 

 with S. lascaris (Bonap.) : while Steindachner identifies 8. lascaris (Risso) with 

 S. scriha (Val.). 



Names. — The lemon sole from its colour : sand-sole from the localities it 

 frequents : French sole. Borhame, Northumberland. Le Sole Lascaris, French. 



Habits. — Frequents sandy bottoms and appears to be captured throughout the 

 year, a good number were daily in the Cheltenham fish shops from April until 

 December, 1881, and January, 1882. 



Means of capture. — Usually by the trawl, it has been thought by some authors 

 that it prefers deeper water than the common sole. 



