TUBERCULOSIS. 391 



were discovered at the post-mortem examination. The mesentery 

 was adherent to the abdominal wall, at the seat of the inoculation, 

 and to the rumen ; the liver was adherent to the diaphragm. There 

 was extensive tubercular deposit at the seat of inoculation, and 

 an abscess the size of a walnut. Extending over the mesentery 

 from this point there were hundreds of wartlike, fleshy, new growths, 

 some quite irregular in form, others spherical or button-shaped. 

 There were similar deposits on the under surface of the liver, on the 

 spleen, in the gastro-splenic omentum, and on the peritoneal surface 

 of the diaphragm. The spleen was adherent to the rumen, and 

 on dissecting away the adhesions another abscess was opened. The 

 lungs were congested and the pleurse thickened. On microscopical 

 examination of sections extremely minute tubercles were found to 

 be disseminated throughout the whole of the substance of the lungs 

 . and liver, and tubercle bacilli were found in these and in the 

 peritoneal deposits. The abscesses contained Streptococcus pyogenes. 

 The calf died of pysemia, but sufficient time had elapsed for marked 

 local infection leading to generalised miliary tuberculosis. 



Tuberculosis in Relation to the Public Milk Supply. 



There is not the slightest doubt that when the udder is involved 

 the mUk is highly virulent to the lower animals, and presumably 

 is, therefore, dangerous to man. The virulence of the milk was 

 first insisted upon by Klencke in 1846, and confirmed by Gerlach in 

 1869, and later, by others. 



This subject was again brought forward with the discovery of 

 the tubercle bacillus, and the demonstration of its existence in the 

 milk in certain cases of bovine tuberculosis. Koch pointed out that 

 the milk only contained bacilU, and was only infective, when the 

 udder itself was tubercular. By this he explained the contradictory 

 results obt.ained by various experimenters with milk from cows un- 

 doubtedly suffering from " Perlsucht." Koch considered that positive 

 effects were obtained with milk when it happened to contain tubercle 

 bacilli, and negative with milk from which they were absent. Bang 

 in a number of cases verified the presence of tubercle bacilh in milk, 

 and, owing to the contradictory results of previous investigations, 

 repeated the ingestion experiments. The milk was found to be 

 virulent both to pigs and rabbits. 



In this country Woodhead and M'Fadyean tested milk for 

 tubercle bacilli. They examined six hundred cows in the Edinburgh 

 dairies, and found thirty-seven suffering from mammitis, but in only 



