418 INFECTIVE DISEASES. 



at one end and tapering off at the other, arranged in a regular series, 

 radiating from a common centre which consisted of granular matter. 

 They were highly refractive, possessed a brilliant centre and sharply 

 ■defined outline ; they were dissolved, or at least rendered indistinct, 

 by acetic acid, and proved insoluble in ammonia and ether. 



The disease in man was next described by Israel in the paper 

 mentioned above. Ponfick was the first to clearly recognise the 

 identity of the disease in man with the disease in cattle, and he 

 described a number of cases in man. Israel subsequently published 

 a work on the subject. The various cases which had been observed 

 up to that date were described, and the disease classified according 

 to the seat of invasion. 



From this time onwards numbers of cases in man have teen 

 described, and various important researches published, of which 

 those of Bostrom and Moosbrugger may be especially mentioned. 



In England, Acland recognised a case on examining the liver 

 after death (Fig. 177). H. Taylor was the first,, in this country, 

 to detect the fungus during the life of a patient. Shattock found 

 specimens of the disease in museums. Skerrit, Powell and Godlee, 

 Eve, Delepine, Eansome, Poore, Malcolm Morris and others have 

 published cases. 



In Italy, Perroncito studied the sarcomata of cattle, and claims 

 to have first observed the micro-organism in 1863. In 1876 he 

 described it in the Encyclopaedia Agraria, and, from the negative 

 results obtained by inoculation experiments, was led to regard it, 

 not as the cause, but as a result of the disease. 



Rivolta of Turin also claims to have been the first to have 

 discovered the fungus in actinomycosis bovis. As early as 1868 

 he published a paper on a sarcomatous tumour of the jaw of 

 an ox. 



Hahn of Munich, in 1870, undoubtedly met with the fungus, for 

 he states that in a case of "wooden-tongue " he found characteristic 

 organised structures, which he provisionally described as a species of 

 mould fungus. 



Bollinger was the first to recognise the nature of this disease in 

 cattle. In 1876 he pointed out that new growths occasionally 

 occurred on the upper and lower jaws of cattle, which either started 

 from the alveoli of the back teeth, or from the spongy tissue of the 

 bone, and by increasing in size loosened the teeth. In their progress 

 they destroyed bone, muscles, mucous membrane, and skin. After 

 -some time they frequently broke down, forming ulcers, abscesses, 

 -and fistula ; but in some cases tumours were formed, which attained 



